Renewable Energy technology and sustainabilityAbstract: /2/view-13088917.htmThe energy flux toward the Earth is presented, showing the primary energy sources and their annual flux.These primary sources provided the energy stock that our society regards as sources of energy. Energy from this stock is converted into energy usable by our society through a chain of converters constituting an energetic system. The converter chain must fulfill simultaneous requirements of quality, location, and time, and is interrelated with the ecological, social and economic systems. The course of the human species from its cradle to the occupation of the whole planet is sketched. Along this path, the importance of animal and plant domestication, and the concept of time, developed during the Neolithic revolution, becomes evident. Ironically, the question of time would haunt us: the problems we face today show our huge difficulty in thinking and acting in the long range. Keys World: Distinction from other terms, Renewable energy technologies, efficiency, Nuclear power.IntroductionToday, with the evolution of technique and technology, energy is becoming increasingly a major development of our societies. Since the first industrial revolution in the nineteenth s greenhouse gas emissions have increased by over 400%, and scientists expect a massive influx for the next 30 years.The energy is sustainable when it meets the criteria of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. They are generally considered energies renewable energy, they meet in the plant material, solar energy, wind power, wave energy, geothermal and tidal power (biomass).1.Distinction from other terms Energy efficiency and renewable are the two pillars of sustainable energy, here are some ways in which sustainable energy has been are defined:Indeed, the supply of energy so that it meets the future needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable Energy has three main components: Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency - Renewable Energy Efficiency. The dynamic harmony between the equitable availability of energy, intensive goods and services to all people is important for the preservation of land for future generations. And the solution will lie in finding sustainable energy sources and more efficient ways to convert and use energy.Sustainable energy calls out of renewable energy from other terms such as alternative energy and green energy, with emphasis on the ability of an energy source to continue to provide energy. Green energy is a subset of renewable energy and represents the renewable energy resources and technologies that offer the greatest benefit of the environment. Society of Environmental Protection defines green power as electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources.2. Renewable energy technologiesRenewable energy technologies are essential contributors to sustainable energy as they generally contribute to world energy security, reducing dependence on fossil fuel resources, and providing opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases. The International Energy Agency states that: Conceptually, one can define three generations of renewable technologies, First-generation technologies emerged from the industrial revolution at the end of the 19th century and include hydropower, biomass combustion, and geothermal power and heat. Some of these technologies are still in widespread use.Second-generation technologies include solar heating and cooling, wind power, modern forms of bio-energy, and solar photovoltaics. The initial investment was prompted by energy security concerns linked to the oil crises (1973 and 1979) of the 1970s but the continuing appeal of these renewable is due, at least in part, to environmental benefits.Third-generation technologies are still under development and include advanced biomass gasification, bio-refinery technologies, concentrating solar thermal power, hot dry rock geothermal energy, and ocean energy.2.1 First-generation technologiesFirst-generation technologies are most competitive in locations with abundant resources. Their future use depends on the exploration of the available resource potential, particularly in developing countries, and on overcoming challenges related to the environment and social acceptance. Among sources of renewable energy, hydroelectric plants have the advantages of being long-lived many existing plants have operated for more than 100 years. Also, hydroelectric plants are clean and have few emissions. Criticisms directed at large-scale hydroelectric plants include: dislocation of people living where the reservoirs are planned and release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide during construction and flooding of the reservoir. However, it has been found that high emissions are associated only with shallow rese