新郑市2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空类训练（16）及答案阅读理解 When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are about some of the factors that lead to these different senses. (1)Each persons senses of others are formed by his or her own cultural condition, education, and personal experiences. (2)Sometimes senses differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observed. It is not necessarily true that person sense is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person: or you may center mainly on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers. (3)Sometimes we see only what we want to see or dont see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective sense. Selective sense is obviously more dif- ficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽略) the stimulus Hes basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting. We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information All kids get into naughty hehavior. Taking a book from bookstore isnt such a big deal. We can change the meaning of the contradictory information It wasnt shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later. l. The first factor given by the author that affects our sense is_. A. the abilities of ones hearing and seeing sensors B. cultural background and personal experiences C. experiences one learns from others D. critical measures taken by other people 答案：B指导：由第一因素就是cultural conditionand personal experiences可知B为最佳选项。2. While observing a particular person, A. One ix likely to talk all aspects into consideration B. Otie pays more attention to lis , her advantages C. children often differ from grown ups in sense D. one tends to choose certain cues(提示)to look for 答案：D 指导：据文中第一段最后一句“有几个因素导致不同的感觉”，另外，由第二个因素中第三句controlledbywhatothers have told you about this person可知D为最佳选项。3. Observation of the same person by two people at the same rime may differ because_. A.their measuring standards arc not the same B. either of them may be slow to catch information C. the time for observation is not long enough D. each of them uses different language to express his her impressions 答案：A 指导：据作者给出的三个因素：据自己的文化背景和切身经历；我们所看到的和我们处理所看到东西的方法；我们自己切身需要。所以A为正确选项，不同人的不同标准。4. The underlined word stimulus in Paragraph 4 refers to_. A. something attractive B. selective sense C. contradictory information D. shoplifting 答案：C 指导：据文中倒数第五句“When contradictory infor mation is particularly obvious，but it can be done和后面所举的例子，“如果一个好孩子在书店中偷书”可知C项为最佳选项，忽视矛盾性的重要性。*结束 With alarming regularity, we read about oil tankers having accidents near land and the terrible consequences of the oil spills （泄露） on people, nature, and the environmentMillions of dollars have been used in developing special chemicals to help dismiss the spills and to clean up the animals, beaches, and land spoiled by the oilUnfortunately, when many of these chemicals are used, more damage is caused to the environment, especially to lives in the seaOf all of todays environmental disasters, an oil spill may actually be one of the least seriousAlthough oil is poisonous, it is a natural materialIn the end, it breaks down naturallyThere are, of course, long-term effects, but it is usually more serious in the short termNature by itself works better than chemical materials, but when there is a spill we demand that governments act immediately with as much hi-tech knowledge as possibleIn 1967 the tanker Torrey Canyon sank off the Scilly Isles near the coast of England and spilled 120,000 tons of oil into the oceanIf you go there today, you will find it hard to see any sign that it ever happenedGovernments seem to accept the risk of transporting millions of tons of oil by ship every day so that we can fill up our cars and drive around and cause even more environmental damageInterestingly, the biggest companies in the world produce cars, and the next biggest supply the gasoline to make them runWe should be thinking more about reducing our dependence on oilGovernments should be encouraging research into new technologies, such as cars run by solar power （太阳能） , electricity, hydrogen, and so onMuch of this research has, in the past, been held back by the oil, gas, and coalIf the worlds millions of cars were 10% more efficient （高效的）and the industry could easily produce cars