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高中英语易混词汇辨析(一),a bit, a little,肯定句中,表“一点”,两者可互换。但否定式意义不同:not a bit = not at all一点也不;not a little = very很、非常。 - Would you mind my opening the window? - _. A. not a bit B. Yes, not a little C. Yes, help yourself D. Never mind 答案(A),ability, capacity, capability,ability 指人们现有的能力、学习能力或技能。 capacity指容纳能力、容量。 capability指实际能力或潜在能力。 The premier is a man of immense _. Chinas nuclear _ is only for defence purpose. My teacher has the _ to speak three foreign languages. (capacity; capability; ability),above all, first of all, at all, after all,after all意为“要知道,别忘了”时,位于句首,用来说明或提醒对方,引出对方似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由。意为“虽然,但毕竟”之意时,位于句末,表和预期的情况相反,说话人有转折之意。 above all 指“首先,最重要的是”,说明事物的重要性。 first of all “首先,第一”,说明事物的排列顺序或优先程度。 at all与not连用时意为“一点也不”,用于疑问/肯定/条件句时,意为“真的,的确”。 We mustnt waste anything and _ we mustnt waste time in our life. In my opinion, you shouldnt blame him, _ he is only a child. Do you know the answer _? Stephen Chow is a successful director, but _ he is an excellent actor. ( above all; after all; at all; first of all ),accept, receive,accept 一般指经过考虑后接受某物或某事;但有时也指“承认”,而非明确地“同意”。 receive 仅指客观地收到某物,或别人所说、所写的东西。 I received her invitation, but I havent decided whether to accept it or not.,accomplish, achieve, fulfill, finish完成,accomplish指为执行某种计划或达到某种目的而努力地、坚持不懈地工作。 achieve含越过重重障碍去完成值得去做的事,或重要的事。 fulfill指完全实现人们所期望/要求做的事。 As a person, I should _ my promise. The soldiers sent to Indonesia have to _ the mission. What we do is to _ lasting peace. (fulfil; accomplish; achieve),ache, pain, suffering,ache指一种持续的隐隐之痛,常表人体局部疼痛,可与表痛的部位的名词连用。 She often suffers from headache/ toothache/ backache/stomachache. pain指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛,常指严重的伤痛或悲痛。表辛劳、努力时用复数。Doctor, Ive got a pain here. suffering指一段时间内,精神和肉体上的痛苦。 The parents caused Little Tom great mental suffering by divorce. hurt vi.表肉体指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛。vt.受伤 My left leg is broken. It really hurts.,act, action, deed,act指“行为”时,指一时的简单动作,特别强调行动的过程;有时也指由一个人或一群人来完成,不受动机,自然和结果的限制。常用短语有:act as “担任”,指代为行使某人的权力,而不任命为某职;“扮演”。act for “担任”,指完全代替某人的职位。 action意为“行动”时,指一段时间的延续行为,由简单动作组成的复杂动作。常用短语有:take action 采取行动;in action在活动中。 deed有时可指不论大小、好坏的行为,但多数情况下指需要高度的勇气、智慧、力量或技巧才能完成的行为;如:a heroic deed英雄行为。,Helping a blind man across the road is an _ of kindness. The machine is not in _. I _ him as he was busy. (act; action; acted as),address, speech, lecture,address指正式的精心准备的讲话。 speech是普通字眼,可以是有准备的,也可是即席发表的讲话。 lecture指经仔细准备的讲话,旨在给听众信息或教诲。 The chairman is about to _ the meeting in a minute. The professor is preparing a _ to a college class. (address; lecture),alive, live, living, lively,alive“活着的,还出气的”,作表语或后置定语。 When he reached the hospital, his grandpa was still alive. live “活的,有生命的”,作前置定语,主要用来指动物,或表现场直播的节目(表转播时用:recorded)。 a live fish/concert living 指人或动物活着、健在。还指事物现在还被使用。与the连用表活着的一类。 My grandma is still living at the age of 93. lively指活泼的,生机勃勃的,作形式表语、定语,指人或物。She has a lively mind,The enemy captain was caught _. Are there any _ things on the moon? (alive; living),another day, one day, some day, the other day, in the past/last few days,another day “改日(用于将来时)” one day “(总)有一天(用于过去时或将来时)” some day “总有一天(用于将来时)” the other day “几天前的一天” in the past/ last few days “近几天(与完成时连用)”,anxious, eager,eager“渴望的,热切的”,着重指渴望什么或做什么的热情及迫切的心情,即“成功的期望或进取的热情”;+ for/ to do。 anxious “焦急的,发愁的,牵挂的”,含有未知结果如何,有些为之担心的意味; + for (about)/ to do 。 They are _ for success. We are _ for the new president to make us a speech in public. He is _ to know the result of the exam. (eager; eager; anxious),arrive, reach, get,arrive vi.指到达指定地点(大地点用in,小地点用at)。arrival n. reach vt.后不跟随介词,指抵达某地或达成某种协议,或表“接触到、够到”。 get vi.表“到达”时,若跟随名词,应用to,若跟随副词,则不带to。 They _ at the station on time. She_ London at sunset. The apples are too high to _. We_ to New York at last. They finally _ an agreement after discussion. (arrived; reached; reach; got; reached,as, for, since, because because since as for,for是并列连词,连接并列句,引导的句子放在后面(不能放在句首),且有逗号隔开表示附带说明的理由或推断的理由。作为介词表原因时,常和名词reason, 动词praise, thank, scold, apologize, excuse, 或形容词sorry, angry 等连用。 since是从属连词,表关系上的自然结果,原因一般很明显,往往是双方都知道的原因,其从句可放在主句前后,常放在主句前。 as也是从属连词,语意较弱,口语中常省略,其从句位于主句前或后。,because语意较强,表直接的原因或理由,是因果的必然推断,它引导的状语从句可放在主句前或后;用于回答why提的问句。在强调句型里,只能用because从句。 在含as, since的句子中,全句的重点在主句的内容,因为其理由或原因在说话人看来因内、已经很明显,或已为听话人熟悉。它们引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因不是对原因的强调。 The light went out, _ the oil was out. The oil must be out, _ the light went out. _ there was nothing else to do, we left early. (because, for, Since),as soon as, once,as soon as 强调时间的连接; once则带有条件意味,“一旦就”。 _ you begin, you should do it well. _ I got there, I rang home. (Once, As soon as),as well, too, either, also,also用于肯定句,即可表示两人做了同样的事,也可表示一个人做了两件事,常位于动词、助动词和情态动词之后,行为动词之前,在表示强调是,也可放在助动词和情态动词之前。 too也用在肯定句中,可放在句中或句末。 either用于否定句,只用于句末。 as well常用于口语,用法和一样,常放在句末。,但在以下情况用too,含责备、抱怨或规劝类的句中,若句子本身以否定的形式来表达肯定的意思时; Cant you see Ive got teeth, too? 在表示建议、邀请时,若句子是否定形式,肯定意义; Wouldnt you like a cup of juice, too? 3)反义疑问句中若主体句是肯定句,否定式的反意问句不影响整句的肯定意义,那么,主体句用too; T
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