Grammar,Subjunctive Mood (I) 虚拟语气,一. 语气的分类,1.陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace! 2.祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue.,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,3.虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等. If I were you,I would not leave her alone.If it were to rain tomorrow, they If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the match. Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afternoon.,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法,虚拟语气其他的用法,Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 1）表示与现在事实相反,例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 2）与过去事实相反,例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 3）与将来事实可能相反,例如：If he were to come, what should we say to him. 假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？ If he should see me, he would know me. 假如他看见我, 就会认识我。,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,2) if的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如： Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.,虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法,3)含蓄条件句与主句. 即用without(but for),or(else)代替if从句。 例如： Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress. If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.,虚拟语气高考链接,1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET) A.had B.would C.was going to D.did,析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。,2.If there were no subjunctive, English_ much easier. (NMET) A. will be B. would have been C.could have been D.would be,析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。,虚拟语气高考链接,3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey,析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。,虚拟语气高考链接,4. I wish I _ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see,析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。,5. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be,析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。,6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _. (NMET) A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。,虚拟语气高考链接,7. _ it _ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress. A. Had; not been B. Should; not be C. Did; not be D. Not; be,析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your helpIf it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）,句型练习 (用If I were you句型翻译下列句子),1. 我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。 2. 如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。 3. 万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。 4. 我希望我十年前认识他。 5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。,Homework,