,Chapter 18,Information Resources Information Systems,MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E Raymond McLeod, Jr. and George Schell,Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc.,18-1,18.1 Information Resources Include:,Specialists Systems analysts, programmers, database administrators, network specialists, operations personnel, and others Hardware Software Users Data Information,Represents a large organizational investment!,18-2,18.2.1Information Specialists,Most located in the information services unit There is a trend to locate specialists throughout the firm Actual organization chart depends on the needs of the firm,18-3,18.2.2 Information Resources,Most are located in information services Most that are centrally located are CIOs responsibility Those located in functional areas are the responsibility of the area manager,18-5,18.3 Model of an IRIS,Input subsystems AIS Information resources research Information resources intelligence Output subsystems Hardware Software Human resources Data and Information Integrated resource,18-6,A Model of an Information Resources Information System,Database,Accounting information system,Information resources research subsystem,Information resources intelligence subsystem,Hardware subsystem,Software subsystem,Human resources subsystem,Data and information subsystem,Integrated resource subsystem,Internal sources,Environmental sources,Users,18-7,图18-2,18.3.1.2 Information Resources Research Subsystem,Describes functions involved in special research projects within the firm Performed by systems analysts interacting with users,18-8,18.3.1.3 Information Resources Intelligence Subsystem,Describes functions involved in gathering information from elements in the firms environment Government Suppliers Labor unions Global community Customers Competitors,18-9,18.4 CIO Responsibilities,Can be top-level executive who participates on executive and MIS steering committee Contributes to strategic planning for firm and IS functions Primary source of leadership for: Achieving and maintaining information quality Keeping information resources secure Planning for contingencies Keeping information costs under control,18-10,18.5 Achieving Quality Products and Services,1) Identify IS customers MIS steering committee Use of a formal system works best 2) Define customer quality needs Product quality needs Service quality needs,18-11,IS Takes Six Basic Steps in Achieving Quality Management,1,2,3,4,5,6,Identify IS customers,Define customer quality needs,Establish quality metrics,Define quality strategy,Implement IS quality programs,Monitor IS quality performance,18-12,图18-6,图18-7,Comparison of How IS and Middle-Level Manager-Users Perceive Product Quality,Accurate4.914.884.89 Trusts output4.904.864.87 Works as specified4.754.734.73 User friendly4.504.754.68 Relevant4.594.534.53 Fast response time4.124.554.42 Meets all user needs4.224.484.41 No downtime3.964.254.16 Delivered on time3.804.164.05 Has user documentation4.213.934.01 Can be changed quickly3.844.043.98 Delivered on budget3.453.673.61 Low cost of operation3.193.493.40 Has programmer documentation3.743.233.39 Uses new technology3.043.283.21,Dimension IS User Aggregate,Perceived Value,18-13,18.5 Achieving Quality Products and Services cont.,3) Establish quality metrics Information product quality Information service quality 4) Define the IS quality strategy Recruiting and training User-oriented systems development Market analysis Product acceptance analysis Task analysis Prototype tests Operational Systems tests,18-14,See Table 18.2,Basic Competencies Expected of IS Job Applicants,1. Concern for effectiveness 2. Initiative 3. Enthusiasm for work 4. Self-confidence 5. Concern with impact 6. Interpersonal astuteness 7. Conceptual thinking 8. Analytical thinking 9. Effective communication 10. Flexibility,18-15,表18-2,Special Attention to Human Factors Ensures That Users Needs are Incorporated into Systems Designs,1. Planning phase,2. Analysis phase,3. Design phase,4. Implementation phase,5. Use phase,Conduct a market analysis,Conduct a product acceptance analysis,Conduct a task analysis,Conduct prototype tests,Conduct operational system tests,18-16,图18-7,18.5 Achieving Quality Products and Services cont.,5) Implement IS quality programs Implementation varies with firm 6) Monitor IS quality Performance of IS specialists and the unit,18-17,18.6.1 Security Objectives,Confidentiality Availability Integrity,Current attention is focused on malicious software such as computer viruses.,18-18,Integrity,Availability,Information,Unauthorized use,Unauthorized disclosure and theft,Unauthorized destruction and denial of service,Unauthorized modification,Security,Confidentiality,Unauthorized Acts Threaten System Security Objectives,18-19,Identification,Authentication,Authorization,