一 寸 光 阴 不 可 轻 1 人教版英语选修 6 课文原文及课文译文 Unit 1 Art 第一单元 艺术 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方绘画艺术简史 The styles of Western art had changed many times, while Chinse art had changed less ofen. Art is influenced nflnsn. 影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事 vt. 影响；改变 by the customs kstmzn. 海 关；风俗（custom 的复数） ；习惯；关税 and faith fen. 信仰；信念；信任；忠实 of a people. Styles stalzn. 风格； 样式；模式（style 的复数形式）in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible mpsb()ladj. 不可能的；不可能存在的；难以忍受的；不真实的 n. 不可能；不可能的 事to describe all of them in such a short text tekstn. 计 文本； 课文； 主题vt. 发短信. Consequently knskw()ntladv. 因此；结果；所以, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. chine tan n. 脊骨；脊柱 chinse tins n. 填隙；捻缝 Chinese ,taini:z n. 中文，汉语；中国人 adj. 中国的，中国人的；中国话的 西方艺术风格变化较大而中国艺术风格变化较小。人们的生活方式和信仰影响了艺术。中国和欧洲不同生活方式 在长时间里相似。西方艺术丰富多彩仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。所以本篇课文仅描述了从公元 5 世纪开始的 几种主要风格。 The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim em of painters was to represent reprzent religious rlds themes imz. A conventionalknven()n()l artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical tpk()ladj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的 picture at this time was full of religious symbols smblsn. 符号；象 征；标志；符号表（symbol 的复数）, which created kretdv. 创造；建立；造成（create 的过去分词形式）a feeling of respect rspekt and love for God. But it was evident evd()ntadj. 明显的；明白的 that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic rlstkadj. 现实的； 现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的 way. aim emn. 目的；目标；对准 vt. 目的在于；引导；把对准 vi. 打算；对准目标；瞄准 represent reprzentvt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送 vi. 代表；提出异议 religious rldsadj. 宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的 n. 修道士；尼姑 themes imzn. 主题（theme 的复数） ；布景主题；桌面主题 conventional knven()n()ladj. 符合习俗的，传统的；常见的；惯例的惯例的 respect rspektn. 尊敬，尊重；方面；敬意 vt. 尊敬，尊重；遵守 中世纪公元 5 世纪到 15 世纪 在中世纪画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。 艺术家们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和 自然的真实面貌上而是着力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。因此这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。到 13 世纪时情况 已经开始发生变化像乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。 The Renaissance rnsnsn. 文艺复兴（欧洲 14 至 17 世纪）(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values v ljzn. 价值观念；价值标准 gradually gr dl; gr djladv. 逐步地；渐渐地 replaced those held in 抑制；约束 the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate kns()ntret less on religious themes and adoptdpt a more humanistic ,hjumnstkadj. 人文主义的； 人道主义的 attitude to 对.态度， 看法 life. At the same time painters returnedrtn to classical kl sk()l Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess pzesvt. 控制；使掌握；持有；迷住；拥 有，具备 their own paintings, so they could decorate dekretv. 装饰；布置；授勋给 their superb supb; sju-adj. 极 好的；华丽的；宏伟的 palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions pze()nn. 拥有；财产；领地；自制；着迷 as well as their activities ktvtn. 活动；行动；活跃 and achievements tivm()ntn. 成就；完成；达到；成绩. hold hldn. 控制；保留 vi. 支持；有效；持续 vt. 持有；拥有；保存；拘留；约束或控制 n. (Hold)人名；(英、 德、捷)霍尔德 一 寸 光 阴 不 可 轻 2 concentrate kns()ntretvi. 集中；浓缩；全神贯注；聚集 vt. 集中；浓缩 n. 浓缩，精选；浓缩液 adopt dptvi. 采取；过继 vt. 采取；接受；收养；正式通过 attitude ttjudn. 态度；看法；意见；姿势 classical kl sk()ladj. 古典的；经典的；传统的；第一流的 n. 古典音乐 return rtnvi. 返回；报答 adj. 报答的；回程的；返回的 vt. 返回；报答 n. 返回；归还；回球 文艺复兴时期 15 世纪到 16 世纪 在文艺复兴时期新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。画家们回到了罗马、希 腊的艺术理论上。他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面貌。富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品他们高价聘请著名 艺术家来为自己画画画自己的房屋和其他财物画他们的活动画他们的成就。 One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective pspektvn. 观点； 远景；透视图 adj. 透视的. This technique teknikn. 技巧，技术；手法 was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that 确信， 信服； 相信 they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence knsd()nsn. 巧合；一致；同时发生,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces mstpisn. 杰作；绝无仅有的人 for which this period is famous. convince knvnsvt. 说服；使确信，使信服 在这个阶段最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。在 1428 年马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中使用透 视方法的人当人们第一次看到他的画时还以为是透过墙上的小孔来观看真实的情景并对此深信不疑。 如果没有透视法 人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画,巧合的，在文艺复兴时期油画也得到了发展它使得色彩看上去更丰富更深沉。没有 新的颜料和新的技术,我们将无法看到许多伟大的这一时期著名的杰作。 Impressionism mprenzmn. 印象派，印象主义(late 19th to early 20th century) 印象派时期 19 世纪后期到 20 世纪初期 In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal 大量； 非常,from a mostly agricultural society ssatn. 社会； 交往； 社团； 社交界 to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional trd()n()ladj. 传统的；惯例的 style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. Impressionist mprenst mprnst n. 印象主义者；印象派作家 Impre