中考英语复习方案 语法部分,第一篇 词法 二、 冠词,复习要点 1.知识概要 2.不定冠词的用法 3.定冠词用法 4.不用冠词的情况 5.正误辨析 6.例题解析 7.课时训练,知识概要 冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an，定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。,难点链接,1.不定冠词的用法 (1) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如；John is a student. Mary is an English teacher. (2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple, please. (3) 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：A student wants to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. (4) 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：Take the medicine three times a day. They go to see their parents once a week.,难点链接,2. 定冠词用法 (1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Open the door, please. Jack is in the library. (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如：Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China. January is the first month of the year. (6) 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。 (8) 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：the Browns, the whites等。,难点链接,3. 不用冠词的情况 (1) 某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。 (2) 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：That is my cap. I have some questions. Go down this street. (3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词.如：They are workers. We are students. (4) 称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：I dont feel well today, Mother. Bush was made president of the U.S. (5) 三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：I have lunch at home. He often plays football after class. We have English and maths every day. (6) 在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。,正误辨析,1.误This building is an university. 正This building is a university. 析a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是j，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。例如：I need an hour to finish the work. It is a useful dictionary.It is a European country. I bought a used car. 2.误I need a umbrella because it looks like raining. 正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining. 析因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy。 3.误I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good. 正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good. 析在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。 4.误Please turn off lights before you leave. 正Please turn off the lights before you leave. 析虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。,正误辨析,5.误“Can you help me” “Sorry, Im in hurry.” 正“Can you help me” “Sorry. Im in a hurry.” 析不定冠词的主要用法如下： （1. 用来表示一类人或事物，如：She is a teacher. （2）指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse. （3）泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate. （4）相当于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary. （5）其主要的难点是用在固定词组中：如：have a walk/a rest /a look 又如：in a hurry , make a face , do somebody a favour , a number of =many 又如：have a good time , have a cold , have a headache , have a break=have a rest 6.误There are nine planets around a sun. 正There are nine planets around the sun. 析世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea. 7.误I live on a second floor of this building. 正I live on the second floor of this building. 析在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：He is the oldest in the family.,正误辨析,8.误I want to learn the second language this term. 正I want to learn a second language this term. 析在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。 9.误Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. 正The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. 析在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the Yellow River(黄河)。 10.误Look, there are Alp. 误Look, there are the Alp. 正Look, there are the Alps. 析具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe. 11.误Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. 正The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. 析报刊名称前应加定冠词。 12.误Rich are not always happy. 正The rich are not always happy. 析在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.,正误辨析,13. 误I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good. 正I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good. 析物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。 14.误The sun rises in east. 正The sun rises in the east. 析在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future 15.误Do you know who invented telephone 正Do you know who invented the telephone 析在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词，如：the English Channel 英吉利海峡 the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河 16.误Would you please buy some food for the supper 正Would you please buy some food for su