American Presidential Election,Prepared by: May,Start with the Constitution(宪法) quadrennial The Election Day is the Tuesday between November 2nd and 8th(the last one: Nov. 4th 2008;the next one : Nov 6th, 2012） Candidates for President and Vice-President Run Together. (In most cases, the presidential candidate select a vice-presidential candidate himself.) The Constitution states that suffrage cannot be denied on grounds of race ,color,sex or age.,Basic introduction,Content,Presidential Job Description Presidential Election System Process of presidential election Factors influencing turnout Negative impact of American presidential election What we can learn from American presidential election,Terms: No more than two terms or ten years,Rewards of president $200,000 a year Living in White House Camp David as a retreat Fleets of aircraft and cars A generous pension Money for an office and staff after retirement,Presidential Job Description,党间领导,国内政策的领导,行政领导,对外政策的领导,军事能力,象征性的领导,（四） 总统选举程序,提名程序(nomination process),总统候选人竞选 正式选举(general election),primary elction,党的全国代表大会,procedure,Feb,June,July,Aug,Sep,Nov,Dec,next Jan,选举人投票(electoral voting) 12月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一,大选日选民投票(voting on Election Day) 11月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二,国会两院联席会议上计票(electoral votes counting) 、宣布大选结果declare election results,1月20日宣誓就职,nomination （1）1790-1824年的国会党团会议提名制 （2）1831-1968年的全国代表大会提名制 （3）1968年至今的预选提名制,Presidential Election System,Elections for President and Vice President of the United States are indirect elections in which voters cast ballots for a slate of electors of the U.S. Electoral College, who in turn directly elect the President and Vice President.,Most state laws establish a winner-take-all system, wherein the ticket that wins a plurality of votes wins all of that states allocated electoral votes, and thus has their slate of electors chosen to vote in the Electoral College.,Presidential Election System,Total electoral votes: 538 Candidate gets more than 270 win the election,“Winner-take-all”,Exceptions: Maine and Nebraska,Where would you focus your energy and campaign the hardest?,08年美国选举人分布,538 electors,100 Senators,435 Congressmen,3 electors The District of Columbia,535 Representatives in Congress,选举人和选举人团制,美国宪法第二条第一款规定：每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。 由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。,4.General Election 全国选举,5.inaug-uration 总统就职仪式,Process of presidential election,Each state has its own electors,Each state starts to conduct popular elections to choose their slate of electors: indirect election system.,Each party has its own electoral college(选举委员会）,大规模的,The electors from Each State make up the Electoral College“ The major political parties will officially hold its presidential nominating conventions. In this nominating conventions, The “Electoral College” Votes for the President. Normally ,the candidate for president receiving the majority(50%) of the electoral votes is the elected president.,Indirect,Direct,The candidates of the major parties will go to many states to win the supporters by means of ： campaigning trips to different states addressing TV speeches showing on TV debates. These media tools play an important role in running(宣传造势） . This process costs lots.,总统大选电视辩论2012 第一场,turnout in 2008,Maccine admited his failure,Obama won the election,National Representatives Conference,After National Representatives Conference, someone is elected as partys official candidate,They began to,introduce,their own partys political claims,their own political programmes,voters,give promises,Serve the people,voters,get more support,二、打造形象（04年为例）,1. beautify oneself,2.try to deglamorize their opponents,Time: the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November ; Purpose: select electors;,5. Inauguration: January in the next year,Factors influencing turnout,Satisfaction Quality of campaigns: lack of real issues; negative advertising Frequency and length of elections Frequent public polls Much coverage by the media Troublesome registering process,Negative Impact of American presidential election,Very costly and money consuming campaign;,2008 election cost more than 1 billion USD,In the fierce competition, a lot of immoral trick has been used;,personal attacks and defame are always been used in the campaign,Negative Impact of American presidential election,The existing election system make it difficult for other third party ( except Democratic and Public) to be elected.,Negative Impact of American presidential election,2020/8/4,2020/8/4,What we can learn from American presidential election,Totally transparent election process; Fully competitive election process; Matured election system and culture,click me,THE END,