第九章“非谓语动词一、概述1-基本形式的变化不定式:肖态主动态被动态般时todotobedone进行时tobedoing完成时tohavedonetohavebeendoneJohnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般时的主动态)Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般时的被动态)Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行时)Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成时的主动态)Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成时的被动态)一V-ing形式:时怪主动态被动态一般时doingbeingdone完成时|havingdone|havingbeendone注意:不及物动词没有被动态。动名词Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般时的主动态)(二IamSurethathewillcomeintime.)Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般旷(一HeisproudthatheisselectedasmonitorJ)Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成时的被动态)的被动态)现在分词Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般时的被动态)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成时的主动态)Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成时的被动态)V-ed过去分词形式:doneGivenmoretime,wecouldhavefinishedtheworkbetter二、动词不定式在句中充当的成分1-作主语Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.百闻不如一见。Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.赘钱不是我们生活的唯一目的。在很多情况下,常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywelL对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。2-作动词的宾语常用在以下动词后:helpyhope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wWish,pretend,expect,arrange,learm,plan,demand,dare,Imanage,agree,Prepare,圣iL,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,happen,seem等。Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通过了考试。Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答应9点钟到这里。Ididnttexpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在讷里见到你。在某些复合宾语中,用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到后Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他认为最好现在就离开。Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。3-作定语(常置于名词之后)由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语;“不定式迦可用作不定代词的定语(abilityanything,attempt,。chance,。curiosity,desire,decision、determination.effort,failure,intention,need.nothing,opportunity,place,plan.promise,reason,right,something等)。Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoftice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。Idontthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。IhavenodesiretotraveL我不想去旅行。注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就应有必要的丫词。Ihaventdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.4-作状语Iwalkedslowlyontheiceiordernottofalldown.(表目的)Hetriedonlytofail(表结果)Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)不定式作状语常用于下列形容词之后:able:afraid,angry,anxious,carefulcareless,certain,clever、considerate,delighted.difficulteager,easy.fit,ffightened.happy:interesting,hikely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant、right、sorry:Surprised.sure,thoughtful,thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrong等。Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法语难学。TmsorrytointerruptyoubutIhaveto.很抱歉打扰您,但我不得不这样。