Once, Logistics from the military logistics, mainly for war materiel transport,曾经，物流源于军事后勤，主要用于战争物资的运输,Later, with the economic development, the growing social demand for logistics. Therefore, third-party logistics came into being.,后来，随着经济的发展，社会对物流的需求越来越大。因此，第三方物流应运而生了。,但是，也有很多企业选择内部物流，而不是选择第三方物流。那么，具体的原因是什么呢？,However, there are a lot of companies have chosen to internal logistics, rather than selecting a third-party logistics. Well, the specific reasons for what is it?,In-House Or TPL,二、第三方物流概述 Third Party Logistics Overview,1、第三方物流 Third Party Logistics,一个组织需要在其配送和物流功能上做出的一项重大决策是是否使用第三方的服务，或者是拥有企业自己的配送操作系统。在英国，第三方物流成为一种重要的选择已经很多年了，,A major decision that an organization needs to make in its distribution and logistics function is whether to use a third-party service ,or whether to have company owned distribution operation . Third-party distribution has been an important alternative in the UK for many years.,横跨欧洲大陆和北美的大部分地区，对于第三方配送服务商的使用也有显著增长。欧洲的平均水平超过25。英国，37.5，拥有比例最高的外包工作。,Across most of continental Europe and also North America, the use of third-party distribution service providers has also now grown significantly. The Europe average is over 25 percent .The UK, at 37.5 percent, has the highest proportion of contracted-out operation.,2、内部物流与第三方物流 In-House versus Third Party,企业决定是否保留企业内的配送操作，或者外包给第三方物流服务提供商有很多原因 There are many reasons why an organization decides whether to keep its distribution operation in-house, or contract it out to a third party service provider. 以下是一些可以考虑的因素： The following are some of the factors that may be considered.,3、选择第三方物流的原因 Reasons to choose a Third Party,降低成本：订立外包合同容易识别相关成本 To reduce costs: by contracting the operation out it is easier to identify associated costs 集中企业内部的核心竞争力的原因 The need to focus reasons on core competencies within the business 缺乏仓储设施 Lack of warehousing facilities,缺乏内部专门知识的汽车业务Lack of internal expertise in vehicle operations 优化运输过程中使用的波峰和波谷交易模式的无力The inability to optimize transport use during peaks and troughs in trading patterns 避免法律责任 Avoidance of legal responsibilities在交付产品时需要提供更多的灵活性来提高对客户的服务水平。Need to raise levels of service to customers by offering more flexibility in delivering products,4、选择内部物流业务的原因 Reasons to choose an in-house operation,对业务的所有领域保持完全控制 Retain complete control over all areas of the business 保持成本控制：不需要将成本之上的利润支付给第三方。To keep control of costs : not having to pay the third party a profit margin on top of the costs 对客户的分布保持直接的联系 To keep a direct link in distribution with customers,贸易物流，是建立在一个单一的交易或一系列个别交易之上的关系的物流。 Transaction logistics, where the relationship is built on a single transaction or a series of individual transactions. 合同物流，是以契约形式为导向，依赖于第三方供应商，来满足公司所定义的绩效目标的明确定义的关系。 Contract logistics, where a specifically defined relationship that is contractually oriented and dependent on the third party provider meeting the companys defined performance goals.,5、不同程度的外包 Varying Degrees of Outsourcing,战略联盟，是指每一方有需求，而且另一方可以满足，并且两方为了互惠互利享有共同的价值观，目标和企业战略的计划持续的关系。 Strategic alliance, where a planned ongoing relationship, where each party has needs that the other can fulfill, and both firms share values, goals and corporate strategies for mutual benefit.,6、第三方经营的类型 Types of Third Party Operations,这里有许多不同类型的第三方物流经营类型可供选择。范围涵盖了提供专用或独家经销，所有的配送都是由第三方运营商，有时候可能只可用于在不规则的时间间隔内的配送。,There are a number of different types of third-party distribution operation available. The range spans dedicated or exclusive distribution where all the distribution is provided by a third party operator, to occasional use where a third party may only be used at irregular intervals,7、第三方物流的关键驱动因素 Key Drivers for Third Party Distribution,决定是否使用第三方物流或使用内部物流有许多优点和缺点。 There are many advantages and disadvantages for deciding whether to use third-party distribution or keep it in-house.,对一些而言需要客观的评估，对于另外一些而言更多的是主观评估，因为它们涉及到历史实践或者仅仅是个人喜好。,Objective assessment can be made for some and others are more subjective, because they relate to historical practices or merely personal preference. However the key drivers for third-party distribution can be broadly split into three categories. These categories are cost, organizational factors and physical factors.,8、第三方物流和信息技术 Third Party and Information Technology,现在使用IT技术是任何企业的日常生活的一部分。然而，这么多在使用的系统中，他们并不总是兼容。同样，组织必须确保系统有足够的资源，以应付额外的工作。下一节将从以下的角度来着眼于IT的要求，分别是企业，第三方供应商和外包问题。 The use of IT in any business is now part of everyday life. However there are so many systems in use and they are not always compatible. Equally the organization must ensure that the systems have enough resources to cope with the extra work involved. The next section looks at the requirements from IT from the following perspectives, the business, the third party provider and contract issues.,9、第三方物流配送的主要问题 Key Issues in Third Distribution and Logistics,定期进行调查，试图找出用户的选择第三方配送公司关键因素是什么。结果显示，服务是最重要的因素。 Surveys are undertaken on a regular basis to try to identify what the critical factors are in a users choice of a third-party distribution company. Service comes out as the most