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启贤一对一 我们关注的不仅仅是成绩 1完形填空和阅读理解专题一、完形填空解题步骤:一、 通 读全文,了解大意。:通读一遍,了解大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句。:细读首句,判断文章体裁,预测全文大意和主旨。:找出关键词、中心词,划出某些代表人物和情节的词,形成思路。对空格作试探性地猜测。二、 瞻 前 顾 后,逐步填空从头开始边细读边分析。答案分三类: 一是语法,意思 X;二是意思,语法 X;三是语法,意思 。考虑: 上下文的意思;句子的结构,习惯用法,固定搭配瞻前顾后先读所填词的句子,回顾上一句,兼顾下一句。一句两个空白双管齐下,同时试填,通读全句,确定答案。做题策略先易后难,放一下,接着做,回头看。三、认真复查, 适当调整全部做完后,从头到尾读一遍, 三查:是否连贯,情节是否合理,语法是否正确。所考单词以学过的为主,所以首先要复习所学单词,然后复习本学期的语法、句式等。答题方法:1)择优法:边读边填,能立刻判定最佳答案的,直接选。2)排除法:如答案一时难以确定,从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析对选项逐项分析试填。题型概况1、一般 10 个小题,每题 1.5-2 分。2、以故事类、叙述类为主。3、难度较大。4、要求填入的词主要有:语法结构所要求的功能词,如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。具有语法变化的普通词,如动词的时态、语态、语气,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的级等。固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。同义词、近义词等易混淆词。根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方,仍要快速读下去。不要在未掌握大意的基础上,边阅读,边做题,这样速度慢、准确率低! 每个选项都要看,对比一下,避免粗心丢分! 启贤一对一 我们关注的不仅仅是成绩 22、阅读理解阅读理解始终是外语学习和考试重点。文章分类:说明文、论说文、叙述文以及广告。说明文、论说文的文长基本控制在 300 词左右。文章的主旨大意多出现在第一段,甚至第一段的前几句,最后一段多与第一段呼应;中间的部分,多是论据或说明文的展开部。1. What is the best title for/of the passage?2. What does the author mainly tell us about in the text?3. What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text?做答这类问题时,将阅读重点放在首尾部分,中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式,一则省时间,二则目标明确,正答率自然也相应提高了。(一)细节题的解题思路重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等。其答案必定在文章论述范围之内。应该找出提供依据的单词和句子,而不能脱离原文去获取信息,也不能仓促地作出没有原文根据的假设。细读这类题型主要有三种形式:问句式,不完整的陈述句和排除法。1问句式A其发问形式主要有以下几种:How did something happen?Which of the following people should(not) do it?Which of the following did somebody have to deal with. ?Where should somebody do something?B解题技巧“对号入座”,带着问题找句子,先看文章后面的问题,确定每道题目的发问中心。把每个问题的发问中心反馈到原文中去。在有关信息下面画线,标出题号,便于检查,节约时间。与每一选项进行对照,与原文信息相符的那项,即是正确的答案。Cattle have served humanity since prehistoric(史前) days as beasts of burden and as supplier of leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest written records concern the sale of cattle. These valuable animals are unusual in 测试要点:1理解主旨大意; 2寻读具体信息;3理解细节; 4根据上下文语境,推测生词词义;5简单的判断和理解; 6理解文段的基本逻辑结构;7理解作者的意图和态度; 8理解文段的文化信息;9理解图表信息; 10理解指代关系。技能:1略读; 2找读;3预测下文; 4理解大意;5分清文章中的事实和观点; 6猜测词义;7推理判断; 8. 了解重点细节;9. 理解文章结构; 10. 理解图表信息;11. 理解指代关系; 12. 理解逻辑关系;13. 理解作者意图; 14. 评价阅读内容。 启贤一对一 我们关注的不仅仅是成绩 3that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw. Instead they chew with their back teeth and gums (齿龈). Cows swallow their food quickly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen, the first of the four compartments stomachs in their.Questions: According to the passage, what is the rumen?A. The first stomach compartment.B. The name of the upper jaw.C. The stomach where digestion (消化) takes place.D. The name of the bacteria(细菌) in the cows stomach.2不完整的陈述句式A常见形式有:Something can be best classified as .A certain kind of person is someone who .People are looking for better ways to .According to the author,“it”was caused by .B解题技巧:答案与原文在字面上的差异很大,有时还要找出与前句的内容在逻辑上的联系,因此答这类题时准确理解是关键,一定要冷静,仔细分析。在做不完整的陈述式题目时候,仍可参考上面列举的解题步骤。第一步,阅读题目,找出问题的发问中心。第二步,带着这些问题来阅读文章。第三步,根据前两步的分析和判断,选择出最符合题意的答案。3排除式A常见形式有:Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following is TRUE?Which of the following is NOT listed in . ?Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?B解题技巧:做这类题时,首先要仔细阅读题后的选项,牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容,然后阅读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的,我们可以在这些信息下面划线,以作为排除的内容。如果基本选项的内容在原文找不到相应的信息,那么该选项即为该题的答案。这类题与前两种题型不同,后者答案应包括在原文内容中,即与所述的事实具有直接或间接的联系,而前者的答案是被排除在原文内容之外的,因此在答题时要将与原文内容有关的三个选项排除,剩下的一个才是答案。Life on LandLife on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as long as 3000 million years. When we think of the first life on land, we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans, but, in fact ,no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessary, since they-the plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy.The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae (海藻) which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce.Which of the following is TRUE?A. Algae have existed for more than 430 million years.B. It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land.C. Plants get food from animals in the oceans.D. Evolution began after animals appeared on land.这是一道事实询问题。需要把短文第一段首句“Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago”和短文第二段首句“The first plants to exist out of 启贤一对一 我们关注的不仅仅是成绩 4the water were probably certain kinds of algae”联系起来考虑,正确答案为 A。B、C 、D 三项与短文内容均不符,应排除。(二)阅读理解之准确找出主题句1首句是主题句的规律给予例证、解释或说明的段落;下定义的段落;对两个或两个以上的
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