4章 2003.11 revision,1,4章 价格条件及作价 国际贸易价格术语,案例：吴先生在商场购买彩电，29吋彩电的标价是“1888元，送货上门” 解读“送货上门”： 商场负责安排市内运输的车辆责任 商场承担彩电上门以前的风险风险 商场支付市内运费费用 “送货上门”是针对“1888元”这项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的划分,4章 2003.11 revision,2,4.1 价格条件及价格术语,价格条件：针对某项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的界限划分 Free on Board， 送货上船(船上交货）：这是国际贸易中最早出现的价格条件 为了减少字数，节省电报费用， Free on Board演变成价格术语FOB 价格术语：针对某项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的界限划分的专门用语（英文缩写）,4章 2003.11 revision,3,FOB在早期使用时，各国没有统一的定义和解释，容易导致纠纷。为了避免纠纷，国际组织用书面形式制定对价格术语的定义和解释。,价格条件 减少字数 价格术语 统一定义 国际贸易惯例,4章 2003.11 revision,5,关于价格术语的国际贸易惯例,1932年华沙牛津规则WarsawOxford Rules 1932：国际法协会为解释价格术语CIF而制定的规则 1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941，由美国9个商业团体制定 价格术语释义国际通则INCOTERMS，由国际商会International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）所制定,4章 2003.11 revision,6,1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941定义的术语：,Ex (Point of Origin) 产地交货 Free on Board 船上交货 Free Along Side 船边交货 Cost and Freight 成本和运费 Cost, Insurance, and Freight 成本和运保费 Ex Dock 目的港码头交货,4章 2003.11 revision,7,INCOTERMS基本情况,标题解字： 由International Commercial Terms三字合成 INCOTERMS标题译文的由来： INCOTERMS的早期版本有副标题：International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms，我国通常译为国际贸易术语解释通则，简称通则，译文价格术语释义国际通则仅供参考。 什么是INCOTERMS？ INCOTERMS是国际商会制定的一套规则，该规则对国际贸易合同中最常用的术语进行定义，说明买卖双方责任、费用、风险的划分。 版本： 最初版本是INCOTERMS 1936， 最新版本是INCOTERMS 2000， 我国近20年使用过的版本有INCOTERMS 1980和1990。,4章 2003.11 revision,8,INCOTERMS 2000 共有13种术语，分为E、F、C、D四组,4章 2003.11 revision,9,常用价格术语,货交装运港术语组 货交承运人术语组,FOB CFR CIF,FCA CPT CIP,以上分组，并不是INCOTERMS 2000的分组。 这样“跳出” INCOTERMS 2000分组的分组，主要是因为每一组的三个术语具有共同的交货点和风险点。 黎孝先在其1980年的国际贸易实务教材（无出版社出版，仅在内部使用）中，介绍的就是FOB，C and *where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export. B6 Division of costs The buyer must pay *all costs relating to the goods from the time they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment, and *any additional costs incurred, either because the vessel nominated by him has failed to arrive on time, or is unable to take the the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, or because the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7 provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and *where applicable, all duties, taxes, and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and for their transit through any country.,4章 2003.11 revision,19,A7 Notice to the Buyer,The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. B7 Notice to the seller The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice the of vessel name, loading point, and required delivery time.,4章 2003.11 revision,20,A8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message,The seller must provide the buyer at the sellers expense with the usual proof of delivery in accordance with A4. Unless the document referred to in the proceeding paragraph is the transport document, the seller must render the buyer, at the latters request, risk, and expense, every assistance in obtaining a transport document for the contract of carriage (for example, a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document, or a multimodal transport document). Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the proceeding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message. B8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message The buyer must accept the proof of delivery in accordance with A8.,4章 2003.11 revision,21,A9 Checking - packaging - marking,The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4 The seller must provide at his own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to ship the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the transport of goods, to the extent that the circumstances relating to the transport (for example, modalities,destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of pre-shipment inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.,4章 2003.11 revision,22,A10 Other obligations,The seller must render the buyer at the latters request, risk, and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted in the country of shipment and/or of origin which the buyer