选修 8,Unit 1 A Land of Diversity,核心单词,distinct,distinction,means,1._ adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的_,n.差别；区分；卓著,majority,major,minority,2._ n.手段；方法 3._ n.大多数；大半_ adj.主要的；大多,数的,vi.主修；专攻_ n.少数_ adj.少数,的；少部分的,minor,hardship,4._ n.苦难；困苦,means n.手段；方法,by means of.用方法；借助,by all means 一定，务必；尽一切办法；当然可以 by no means 绝不；一点也不 by this means 用这种方法 用法指引,means 作“方式；方法；手段”讲时，单复数同形。若 all/some/several/many means 做主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若 every/each/one/a means 做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。,知识拓展（1）：,运用,单句语法填空,(1)For most people, the car is still their main _ (mean),of transport.,means,By,was,(2)_ means of computer, people can read electronic,books.,has been tried,have beem tried,(3)By no means _ he satisfied with the job and he,asked us to finish it by all means.,(4)Every possible means _ (try), but none has worked. All possible means _ (try), but none has worked.,5._ vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人_,n.选举,elect,election,percentage,applicant,6._ n.百分比；百分率,apply,7._ n.申请人_ v.申请_ n.申请,8._ n.海关；关税；进口税,application,customs,9._ n.社会主义者；社会党人,adj.社会主义者的,_ n. 社 会主 义_ adj. 社 会的 ；社 交的,socialist,socialism,_ n.社会；组织,soczial,society,occur,occurrence,indicate,indication,10._ vi.发生；出现_ n.发生；产生 11._ vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示_ n.迹象,_ n.指示器，指示物,indicator,12._ adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的_,adv.显然地；显而易见地,apparent,apparently,13._ n.闸；刹车；制动器,vi.& vt.刹(车)；用制动,器减速,brake,hire,14._ vt.& n.租用；雇用,occur vi.发生；出现,occur to.(主意等)浮现于脑海中；被想起 It occurs to sb.that-clause 某人突然想起 It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事 用法指引,occur 常与介词 to 搭配，相当于动词 happen，不能用于被,动语态。,联想发散,表示“某人突然想起”还有以下表达方法：,It strikes/hits sb.that.,It dawns on/upon sb.that.,知识拓展（2）：,运用,单句语法填空,did,occurred,struck,(1)When _ the accident occur? (2)It _ (occur) to her that she should adopt the,homeless child.,to,occurred,It _ (strike) her that she should adopt the homeless child. (3)It never occurred _ him that he could make such a great success in teaching career. (4)(2018年北京卷 七选五型阅读理解) Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has _ (occur).,indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示,indicate sth.(to sb.) (向某人)指示/指出/暗示某物 indicate that-clause 表示；示意 indication n.表明；显示 一词多义,(1)She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.,指出,(2)A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.,表明,(3)In his letter he indicated to us that he was willing to help us.,暗示,知识拓展（3）：,indicates,indicated,is indicated,运用,单句语法填空,(1)His attitude _ (indicate) that he is not very happy with what you are doing. (2)A flashing red light _ (indicate) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs. (3)As _ (indicate) in the survey, more and more people choose to travel abroad. (4)There are clear _ (indicate) that the economy,is improving.,indications,hire vt.& n.租用；雇用 for hire 供出租 on hire 出租的；雇用 用法指引 hire 主要强调短时间、临时的雇用。,易混辨析,hire, employ 和 rent,(1)hire 是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西， 有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费 用”之意；多指临时租用某物。指人时，有“雇用”“受雇” 两种含义。,知识拓展（4）：,(2)employ 较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人 员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请”之义。 (3)rent 一般指租借房屋、地产(出去)；也有“花钱使用某 物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多用于 长时间的场合。,nowhere,punishment,punish,15._ adv.无处；到处都无 16._ n.处罚；惩罚_ v.惩罚；处罚 17._ n.正义；公平_ (反义词)_,adj.公平的_ adj.不公平的,justice,injustice,18._ adj.公民的；国内的；民间的,19._ vt.& vi.改；新,n.改；改造；改良,20._ vt.& n.抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会,just,unjust,civil,reform,grasp,常考短语,distinction,live,means,1.have the _ of.具有特征 2._ on 继续存在；继续生存 3.by _ of 用办法；借助 4._ a _ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 5._ up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等),6._ to _ 背靠背,make,life,7._ up with 与合作或一起工作,keep,back,back,team,live on 继续存在；继续生存,live on sth.以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live through sth.经历某事而幸存,live up to sth.依照某事物行事；符合某事物的标准 live with sth.接受或容忍某事物 写作佳句,She died ten years ago but her memory lives on. 她十年前就,去世了，但她仍留在人们的记忆中。,知识拓展（5）：,on,through,to,with,运用,用适当的介词或副词填空,(1)The lonely old man lives _ charity. (2)We Chinese people will live _ this disaster together.,(3)If,you,have,this,mindset,you,will,always,be,disappointed.People will never live up _ your expectations. (4)The brave girl is learning to live _ her disability.,make a life 习惯新的生活方式、工作等；创造生活 come to life 苏醒过来，恢复生气；变得更有趣；变得活跃 come back to life 苏醒过来；死而复生 bring.back to life 使苏醒过来 live/lead a.life 过着的生活 联想发散,常见“make an.”的词组有： make a bargain 达成协议；成交 make a promise 做出承诺 make a choice 做出选择,知识拓展（6）：,make a living 谋生 make a profit 获得收益 make a decision 决定下来；作出决定；下决心,make a deal with,与做生意；和妥协,运用,单句语法填空,(1)They settled down in Canada and made _ life for,themselves.,a,to,live,(2)The village, which had seemed deserted, immediately came _ life. (3)The unemployed usually _ (live) a ha