A Study on How FD/I Affects Chinese Learners in English listening and Speaking Performance,By 荆婧 李婧姝 李瑞龙 周阳玢,2020/8/8,2,Contents,A Study on how FD/I Affects Chinese Learners in English Listening and Speaking Performance,2020/8/8,3,Introduction,Rationale of the Study,Significance of the Study,Organization of the Study,2020/8/8,4,Introduction,Rationale of the Study,Significance of the Study,Organization of the Study,2020/8/8,5,Cognitive style,Field-Dependence-Independence,Individual Differences,2020/8/8,6,IDs include the students beliefs about language learning, affective states, language aptitude, cognitive styles, motivation, personality and other general factors (such as age and gender), all contributing to SLA regardless of the variety in the classification and terminology by different researchers.,Individual Differences,2020/8/8,7,Cognitive style,Cognitive style, is “the manner in which people perceive, conceptualize, organize and recall information.” - Rod Ellis,“A amorphous link between personality and cognition ” “When specifically related to an educational contextmore generally referred to as learning styles. Principles and Language Learning and Teaching,2020/8/8,8,Field-Dependence-Independence,FD: the tendency to be “dependent” on the total field so that the parts embedded within the field are not easily perceived.,FI: your ability to perceive a particular, relevant item or factor in a “field” of distracting items.,2020/8/8,9,Ellis states that the study of IDs comprises an important area of research in SLA and has contributed greatly to the development of SLA theory. Four questions are often addressed in the study of IDs in SLA: in what ways do language learners differ from one another? What effects do these differences have on the learning outcomes? How do learner differences affect the process of L2 acquisition? How do individual learner factors interact with the teachers instruction in determining learning outcomes? (Elks 1994:488),2020/8/8,10,Hypothesis:,Survey,Data Analysis,2020/8/8,11,Introduction,Rationale of the Study,Significance of the Study,Organization of the Study,2020/8/8,12,Significance of the Study,It is hypothesized that field independence would be related to the acquisition of linguistic competence, or receptive competence, and that field dependence would be related to the acquisition of communicative competence, or productive competence. The results of our survey will further prove this and provide more implications. Accordingly, both learners and teacher can have a deeper understanding of their performances and thus adjust their learning and teaching methods in order to achieve better results in SLA and TESOL.,2020/8/8,13,Introduction,Rationale of the Study,Significance of the Study,Organization of the Study,2020/8/8,14,2020/8/8,15,Contents,A Study on how FD/I Affects Chinese Learners in English listening and Speaking Performance,2020/8/8,16,Literature Review,Some Theories Related to Cognitive Style Some Different Definitions of Cognitive style Cognitive Style in Second Language Acquisition Some Theories Related to FD/I Field Dependence and Field Independence Characteristics of FD/I Formation and Measurement of FD/I A New Interpretation of FD/I Factors Affecting FD/I,2020/8/8,17,Literature Review,Some Theories Related to Cognitive Style Some Different Definitions of Cognitive style Cognitive Style in Second Language Acquisition Some Theories Related to FD/I Field Dependence and Field Independence Characteristics of FD/I Formation and Measurement of FD/I A New Interpretation of FD/I Factors Affecting FD/I,2020/8/8,18,Herman A. Witkin (2 August 19168 July 1979) was an American psychologist who specialized in the spheres of cognitive psychology and learning psychology.,Some Theories Related to Cognitive Style,2020/8/8,19,He first put forward the concept of FD/I in 1962. In cognitive style, FD/I is one of the domains, which is studied earliest and most comprehensively because this factors shows more clearly and directly than other other factors in daily life. Compared with other factors，its measurement is perfect. Furthermore，it form the theoretical of cognitive style and is closely related to other factors of cognitive style. We can even say that FD/I is the core of the cognitive style.,2020/8/8,20,Literature Review,Some Theories Related to Cognitive Style Some Different Definitions of Cognitive style Cognitive Style in Second Language Acquisition Some Theories Related to FD/I Field Dependence and Field Independence Characteristics of FD/I Formation and Measurement of FD/I A New Interpretation of FD/I Factors Affecting FD/I,2020/8/8,21,Different Definitions of Cognitive style,A.a hypothetical construction that has been developed to explain the Process of mediation between stimuli and responses. by Goldstein and Blackman(1978). B. “individual characteristic and consistent approach to organizing and processing information by Tennant. C.a fair fixed character o