被动语态被动语态基本基本结构结构 be+done(过去过去分词分词) 时态 主动语态结构 被动语态结构 一般现在时：do/does am/is/are +done 一般过去时：did was/were + done 现在进行时：am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 现在完成时：have/has done have/has been done 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to do will/shall/be going to be done 过去进行时：was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时：had done had been done 过去将来时：would/should/be going to do would/should/be going to be done 含有情态动词：can/may/must do can/may/must be done 动词不定式：to do to be done; 被动语态被动语态与与系系表结构表结构区别：区别： 1） 被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，系表结构表主语的特点或所处状态。 Eg：The shop was closed by the police.(动作) The shop is closed today.(状态) 2)被动语态结构中常出现 by 短语。系表结构过去分词常有固定介词搭配。 Eg：Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构) 3）系表结构通常一般现在时和一般过去时。被动可用于多种时态。 主动主动语态语态变变被动被动语态语态 主动语态结构：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者 We asked him to sing an English song. 主语 We ，动作执行者； 我们要求他唱一首英文歌。 谓语动词主动形式：asked 一般过去时； 宾语 him 动作的承受者；后面动词不定式做状语 被动语态结构 动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者 原句动作执行者 him ,放到主语位置，要换成主格形式 He. 谓语动词 asked 被动 was asked. 常出现的 by 结构 ，被；by us 被我们。不能是 by we.主格 we 要换成宾格； He was asked to sing an English song by us. 带双宾语的谓语动词被动语态 She gave me a book. 主语：She,动作执行者； 她给我一本书 谓语动词主动形式：gave，一般现在时； 宾语 me 和 a book；a book 直接宾语； me 间接宾语; 变变被动被动语态：语态： I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. 了解：了解：不带不带 to 的的不定式不定式做做宾补宾补变变被动被动语态语态后后要要加上加上 to 感官动词 see hear watch feel notice 等，使役动词 let make have 等后面省略 to 的不定式，变被动句 时，需还原 to; He makes the girl stay at home. The girl is made to stay at home by him. 批注批注 xb21cn1: 有些及物动词可以 有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,前者 叫作间接宾语;后者叫作直接宾语。 感叹句：感叹句： (1) What a/an形容词可数名词的单数(主语谓语)! (2) What形容词可数名词的复数/不可数名词(主语谓语)! (3) How形容词或副词(主语谓语)! (4) How主语谓语！ (句子) 我多么想念妈妈啊！ How_ _my mother! 宾语宾语从句从句知识点知识点: 区别：whether 可以引导介词后的宾语从句，if 不可以。 whether .or not 练习 答案： 被动句：B C C D 感叹句 D A B A B 宾语从句： that if/whether whether when B B A C D C B D A C