定语从句,-授课人：李菁,基本概念 1,什么是定语? She is a beautiful girl.,修饰名词。的,什么是定语从句？,This is the book that I bought yesterday.,2. 两个词很重要: 先行词, 关系词 The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. I like the book which you bought yesterday The girl whom I met is Lucy.,基本概念 2,下例句子对吗?,This museum is which we visited yesterday.,3. 关系词又分为两类: 关系代词和关系副词. 1).关系代词： that，which, who, whom, whose, as, but This is the book that is popular with most students. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. I live in the room whose window faces south. Id like to buy such a watch as you are wearing.,基本概念 3,Who,who人；which-物；that人，物 Whose人，物,只能用 who (1) You can ask those who live near here. (2)Anyone who has a little sense of humor knows he is joking. (3) He/She who is always telling lies will not be trusted any longer.,只用that，不用which,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.,3. 先行词在从句中充当表语时 e.g. He is no longer the man that he was 10 years ago.,4. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 5. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.,whose,例句：I know the boy. His watch was stolen. This is the room. Its windows are broken.,Whose+n=of which+the+n./the+n+of which Whose+n=of whom+the+n/the+n+of whom, I know the boy whose watch was stolen. /I know the boy the watch of whom was stolen., This is the room whose windows are broken./This is the room the windows of which are broken,介词+关系代词,* “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。 e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which,D,D,关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,关系代词的省略,在从句中做宾语 This is the man (who/whom) I love. This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday.,2) 关系副词：where,when, why I live in a city where there is a famous lake called the West Lake. Gone are the old days when we Chinese were poor and oppressed. This is the reason why I was late for the meeting.,基本概念 4,区分关系代词和关系副词 We shall never forget the days _we spent together. We shall never the days _ we lived together This is the reason _ he told us the secret. This is the reason _ he told us. We visited the place _ he once lived. We visited the place _ used to be a farmland.,用关系代词还是关系副词，并不取决于先行词，而是取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分。,非限制性定语从句,形式上：有逗号 意义上与限制性定语从句有区别 My father who is a doctor came to school yesterday.(限定） My father , who is a doctor, came to school yesterday. （补充说明）,非限制性定语从句不能用that,非限制性定语从句中指物只能用which, 不能用that which 也可修饰前面的整句话。 He failed in the exam, which made his parents very angry.,as 的用法,1. As 指代整句话，常放句首。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.,As might be expected, John was admitted to the university. as代替后面的句子，在从句中作主语 The material is effective, as is shown in the figure. as代替前面的句子，在从句中作主语 As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.,