SystemEngineering,Chapter 1,Introduction to System Engineering,Concept of System,1.1 two level of system Industrial and System engineers design systems at two levels: Human activity system:concerned with the physical workplace at which human activity occurs Management control system:concerned with procedures for planning, measuring, and controlling all activities within the organization.,Components are simply the individual parts, or elements, that collectively make up a system. Relationships are the cause-effect dependencies between components. The objective or purpose of a system is the desired state or outcome which the system is attempting to achieve.,2.2 System Classifications,Natural vs. Man-made System Static vs. Dynamic Systems Physical vs. Abstract Systems Open vs. Closed system,3.Feedback Control in System,2.4.1 The open-loop system,Character of open-loop system:,Not aware of its own performance Past action has no influence on future action Possesses no means to provide for its own control or modification,2.4.2 The closed-loop system,Character of closed-loop system:,Aware of and influenced by its own past performance Results of past action influences future action Senses its performances and automatically makes adjustments,2.4.3 Feedback,Feedback can be defined as the system function that obtains data on system performance (output), compares the actual performance to the desired performance (a standard or a criterion) and determines the modifications (corrective action) necessary prior to the next execution of system performance.,2.5.1 system engineering Definition,System Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complex problem.,2.5.2 System Engineering vs. Other Engineering Disciplines,other engineering disciplines concentrate on using knowledge of the real world (e.g., electrical circuits, materials, robotics), systems engineering focuses on methods to solve problems, not the solution of the problems.,Chapter 2,Manufacturing Engineering,Definition: A manufacturing system is a collection of integrated equipment and human resources, whose function is to perform one or more processing and/or assembly operations on a starting raw material, parts or set of parts.,3.1 Process Engineering,Process Engineering is concerned with the design of the actual process to be used in the manufacture of the product.,six-step sequence,Defining the product structure an specifications Assessing each components manufacturability Listing the different processes capable to manufacturing the component Evaluating the cost of each of the alternative processes determining the sequence in which the operations are to be performed documenting the process,Chapter 3,Operation Planning and Control,What is Operation Planning and Control?,Operation Planning and Control are managements way of providing the necessary direction and capability to manufacturing to achieve sustained profitable performance.,Overview of Operation Planning and Control,Demand Forecasting Input: 1) Demand histories of existing products and trade information. Demand trends can be determined quantitatively both for ones own company and for the entire industry. 2) An attempt must be made to anticipate variations in the demand pattern that result from advertising and promotion schemes. 3) External economic factors,Output: 1) Expected demand quantities for the several products over some planning period 2)Another important but often overlooked output ：declining demand for a product.-product innovation,2. Operations Planning,Input: the primary input to the operation planning function is from demand forecasting. Another large and important set of input data comes from engineering and concerns new products, modifications to existing products, or modifications to the production process. A third input, from financial control, concerns monetary constrains and budget limitations. Output: There are two outputs the total life cycle of a product line and the impact on production and resource capacities of proposed new or modified products; allocation of available resources to production requirements, machine groupings, facility layout,3. Inventory Planning and Control,Inventory planning determines the material requirements: components, parts, raw materials, and so on inventory control determines the proper inventory levels, reorder points, safety stocks, and the like. Inventory Planning: Input: approved operationhs plan from operations planning Output: time-phased requirements for components,parts, raw materials Inventory Control: Input: time-phased requirements from the inventory planning and sales orders from sales Output: determine order quantities, safety stock of raw matrials and purchased pa