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一、时态讲解:现在完成时(1)构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.(2)用法:1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如:残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。 I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意:a) since和for的区别since后接时间点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。5. India has been an independent country _1974.厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此,不能说:渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。 He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为:He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes2)have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别:表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较:铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了?(已经回来了)Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了?(人不在)They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大).3)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如:擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Irregular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5.
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