1,猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择,先灵葆雅动物保健市场技术部 荣 强,2,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪支原体肺炎,(Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine MPS) Enzootic Pneumonia (EP),3,M. hyo Disease猪支原体肺炎,First isolated from pig lungs in 1965 1965年首次在猪肺脏中分离 One of the most common and economically important diseases 最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一 A complex interaction between M. hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation. 主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。,4,M. hyo Disease,One of the primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) 引起PRDC 的原发病原之一 Affects as many as 99% of U.S. herds 99的美国猪群都有感染 World-wide significance 世界范围内养猪生产中流行,5,M. hyo disease,Economic effects are extremely variable between herds. 不同猪群的经济影响差异较大 Dependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases, etc. 取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。 A MOVING TARGET.,6,M. hyo Disease,Reduced average daily gain (ADG) 降低日增重 Reduced feed efficiency (FE) 降低饲料报酬 Increased medication costs 增加药物成本 Increased cull or light-weight pigs 增加淘汰或低体重的猪 Etc.,7,8,M. hyo Economic Losses,M. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,1985) 肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7%和饲料报酬13.8%,9,M. hyo disease,Transmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contact 猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触 Transmission between farms: movement of infected pigs 猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动 Aerosol between farms: Britain 3.2 km 猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里,10,M. hyo Disease,Clinical signs include:临床症状 chronic cough (often dry or nonproductive) 慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳） high morbidity and low mortality 高发病率和低死亡率 uneven groups of pigs 猪群内生长不整齐,11,M. hyo disease,Peak prevalence in Finisher because of: 在育肥期多发的原因： Long incubation period：潜伏期长 Slow spread传播缓慢 Increased animal density养殖密度加大 Presence of other organisms其他致病菌的出现,12,M. hyo Pathogenesis,M. hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.paralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus. 支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。,Only attaches to tracheobronchial cilia,A mucosal pathogen,14,15,16,M. hyo Pathogenesis,There is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990) 破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能,17,18,M. hyo Disease,Secondary bacterial infections:继发细菌感染 Pasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 Streptococcus suis链球菌 Haemophilus parasuis副嗜血杆菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping”,19,M.hyo Disease,There are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabies (PRV), PRRS，PCVII 还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型,20,21,22,Mycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control and Prevention猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治,23,M. hyo Control and Prevention,Medication药物 Management管理 Vaccination免疫,24,M. hyo Medication,Antibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections. 田间条件下，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。,25,M. hyo Medication,Lincomycin: results inconsistent 林可霉素 Tiamulin: results inconsistent 支原净 Quinolones: show some promise 喹喏酮类 Florfenicol: shows some promise 纽弗罗 Aivlosin: results are good 爱乐新,26,M. hyo Medication,One problem with any medication program is that once the medication is removedthe disease can begin to cause problems again. 一旦停药，疾病复发,27,M. hyo Prevention and Control,Management factors are important 管理十分重要 All-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management technique 全进全出是最好的管理方式 No more than 3 weeks spread in age 年龄差距不要超过3周 Medicated Early Weaning (MEW) has been shown to help control the MPS disease 早期药物断奶有一定帮助,28,M. hyo Prevention and Control,Management factors (continued) Segregated Early Weaning (SEW) has shown merit 早期隔离断奶也有一定好处 Vaccination免疫 Optimize density and proper ventilation 合理化密度，保持良好通风,29,M. hyo Prevention and Control,Key to an effective program to control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine 控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗,30,M. hyo Vaccines,Because the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity are not well understood, whole-cell vaccines are best. 因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。,31,Western Blot Analysis免疫印记分析,M+Pac preserves 15 proteins 安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白 Product A preserves 11 proteins A产品保留了11种抗原蛋白 Products B and C preserve 8 proteins B和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋白,32,M+PAC 安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原,Pfizer Intervet Fort Dodge M+PAC,33,M. hyo Vaccines,Also, because long-lasting immunity is important, it is our belief that an effective M. hyo vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant. 此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。,34,Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐剂,35,Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐剂,Aluminum Hydroxide (AH)氢氧化铝 Water-in-oil (W/O)油包水 Oil-in-water (O/W)水包油,36,Aluminum Hydroxide氢氧化铝,Low viscosity粘度低 Mild to no reactions温和无刺激 Immediate response免疫反应迅速 Short-lived immunity免疫期短,37,Water-in-Oil (W/O)油包水,More oil = more viscosity粘度高 More irritation刺激大 More pain疼痛 More stress应激大,38,Oil-in-Water (O/W)水包油,More modern最新型 At least as effective as W/O与油包水效果相同 Less oil = lower viscosity低粘度 Less irritation刺激小 Less pain疼痛少 Less stress (pigs and people)应激小,39,M. hyo Vaccine Adjuvants,M+