大学英语(3)-(-第2次-) 作者： 日期：第2次作业一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共 5 小题，每小题 20 分）1. Prehistoric men and women enjoyed a more varied diet than people do now, since they ate species of plant and several hundreds thousands types of living things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated. Modern shops have hastened a trend towards specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of the rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets. But the choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more standardized. We live in the world of carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of weighting tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von Reis asks: Only the three major cereals （谷物类食物） and perhaps ten other widely cultivated species stand between famine and survival for the worlds human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: Are we missing something? After all, there are 800 000 species of plant on earth.(1). In prehistoric times people_.A. ate much more than we do todayB. lived mainly on plant foodC. had a wide-ranging dietD. were more fussy about what they ate(2). Most of us have come to expect_.A. no variation in our dietB. a reduction in food suppliesC. a specialist dietD. food conforming to a set standard(3). The specialization of food was started by_.A. the emergence of supermarketsB. the rise of agricultureC. the rich countriesD. the modern shops(4). According to the passage, people in the West today survive on_.A. carrots and tomatoesB. several thousand types of plants and cerealsC. a very small number of cultivated foodsD. special species planted one thousand years ago(5). The conclusion seems to be that we_.A. could make use of more natural speciesB. dont cultivate the right kind of foodC. produce more food than we needD. cultivate too many different species2. human body is distributed(分布)in two different ways. Some fat people have a large chest and no waistline(腰身), looking rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, looking more like pears.Doctors in Cambridge, England have been examining the relationship between health and fat (脂肪)distribution. They find that the pear-shaped fat people have fewer problems than the apple-shaped fat people. What seems to be most important is not how much fat you have but where you have it. The doctors measured the apple-shaped women and pear-shaped women with X-ray scanners(X光扫描器). Human beings have two types of fat:one is outside fat, that is the fat below the skin, and the other is inside fat that lies inside the body. Using the X-ray scanners, the doctors found that the “apples” have a large amount of inside fat.If this inside fat is much more than outside fat, it will probably cause health problems such as obesity(肥胖症). The best treatment for obesity is to reduce the inside fat. But unfortunately diet treatment(饮食疗法) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no effective way of reducing the inside fat.(1). According to the relation between health and fatness _A. apple-shaped fat people have fewer problems than pear-shaped peopleB. its better to be apple-shaped than to be pear-shapedC. its better to be pear-shaped than to be apple-shapedD. fatness is the most dangerous enemy to health (2). The most important thing about fat people seems to be _.A. the amount of fat they haveB. the knowledge of which type of the fat people they belong toC. the amount of the outside fat they haveD. the place where they have the fat(3). The basic reason why some people suffer from obesity is that _.A. they take very little exercise every dayB. they have much more inside fat than is neededC. they are examined by X-ray scanners quite oftenD. they eat too much(4). According to what is mentioned in the passage, the best treatment for obesity at present is _.A. to reduce the amount of food and drinksB. to make the body shape smallerC. already known to those people in troubleD. still to be found.3. University of Arizona researcher Dr. William Rathji says that after a study based on looking into garbage cans, the average family wastes at least $150 per year in food.Homemakers go out of their way to save pennies at the store and then dont realize that waste of edible (可食用的) foods adds up much more at home, said Dr. Rathji. He was one of about 100 food