.,Lesson 5 Id Rather Be Black than Female,做黑人胜过做女人,.,Shirley Chisholm 雪莉 齐泽姆 （1924-2005）,.,Shirley Chisholm is best known as the first black woman elected to United States Congress and the first black woman to run for president of the United States. Shirley Chisholm spoke strongly for the poor and for women. She worked for civil rights for African Americans.,.,Congress,美国国会（Congress，United States）行使立法权（legislative authority）。议案（bill）一般经过提出、委员会审议、全院大会审议等程序。一院通过后，送交另一院，依次经过同样的程序。法案经两院通过后交总统签署；若总统不否决，或虽否决但经两院2/3议员重新通过，即正式成为法律。 国会两院在各自议长(speaker)主持下工作。众议院议长由全院大会选举产生，副总统是参议院的当任议长。两院都设有许多委员会，还设有由两院议员共同组成的联席委员会，国会工作大多在各委员会中进行。,.,美国国会的主要和最明显的任务是立法，制定影响每一个美国人的法律，立法经常需要在一些有争议的问题上作出决定，例如医疗保险改革、战争、贸易汇率等，法案经过一系列的审议程序后才能成为法律。 地 位 美国最高立法机关 权 力 立法权 所在地 华盛顿特区国会大厦 组 成 参议院和众议院,.,House of Representatives,The senate,United States Congress,435 members each member serves a two-year term.,100 members each member serves a six-year term.,.,美国最高立法机关，由参议院和众议院组成。 参议员由各州选民直接选出 ，每州 2 名 ，实行各州代表权平等原则。现有议员100名。当选参议员必须年满 30岁，作为美国公民已满9年 ，当选时为选出州的居民 。任期6年，每 2年改选13 ，连选得连任 。 众议员数按各州人口比例分配 ，由直接选举产生，每州至少1名 ，人数固定为435名 ，必须年满25岁，作为美国公民已满7年，当选时为选出州的居民 。任期 2年，连选得连任。两院议员长期连任现象极为普遍。议员不得兼任其他政府职务。,.,Structure of the text,Part I: Being female is a greater handicap than being black. (par.1) A. Sexual prejudice is invisible to people. (par.2) B. Its much harder to eliminate sexual prejudice than racial prejudice. (par.3-4) * Why does the author say it is a still harder and longer struggle to eliminate prejudice against women?,.,Part II: Sexual prejudice in politics (my experience) A. My experience in politics in general (par.5) B. Women in politics in general (par.6) C. My experience in politics in specific 1. Run for state legislature (par.7) 2. Run for national legislature a. Resistance from inside (par. 8) b. Resistance from outside (par. 9) *In what way are women prejudiced against in politics?,.,Part III: Sexual Prejudice in general A. Women are thought of as different and inferior. (par. 10) B. Women have not reached tokenism. (par.11) C. An emphatic Question (par. 12) *In what way are women prejudiced against in general?,.,Part IV: Womens contribution is needed in politics. A. People ignore womens contribution. 1. What I heard (par. 13) 2. What I experienced (par. 15) B. Women have a lot to do in politics. (par.15) C. Women have a special contribution to make in politics. (Conclusion) (par. 16-17) * What are some of the problems the author is determined to help to solve? * What fine qualities do women have that men dont have?,.,Text,.,Part I: Being female is a greater handicap than being black. (par.1) A. Sexual prejudice is invisible to people. (par.2) B. Its much harder to eliminate sexual prejudice than racial prejudice. (par.3-4) * Why does the author say it is a still harder and longer struggle to eliminate prejudice against women?,.,Because part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were.,.,Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon. There are nine other blacks in Congress; there are ten other women. I was the first to overcome both handicaps at once . Of the two handicaps, being black is much less of a drawback than being female. If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman, probably no one would question me . Why? Because “we all know” there is prejudice against black people in America. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men - and, I am afraid, most women - as bizarre.,.,phenomenon fnmnn N-COUNT,phenomena (pl.) historical phenomenon social phenomenon Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. a remarkable person 非凡的人 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。 handicap N-COUNT （1） mental/physical disability He lost his leg when he was ten, but learnt to overcome his handicap. (2)disadvantage 障碍 不利条件 drawback shortcoming fault obstacle flaw,.,prejudice predds,N. an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things racial prejudice sexual/gender prejudice 有些公司对女性有偏见。 Some companies hold prejudice against women. strike sb. as + adj. Rizhao strikes me as clean.,.,Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years. When blacks finally started to “mention” it, with sit-ins, boycotts, and freedom rides, Americans were incredulous. “Who, us?” they asked in injured tones. “Were prejudiced?” It was the start of a long, painful reeducation for white America. It will take years for whites - including those who think of themselves as liberals - to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have. How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women? I am sure it will be a longer struggle. Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second - class citizens than blacks ever were.,.,invisiblenvzbl adj. visible,