考试复习重点资料（最新版）考试复习重点资料（最新版） 封封 面面 第1页 资料见第二页资料见第二页 1 / 16 各级党政机关英译名 中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee 政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 中央委员 Member, Central Committee 候补委员 Alternate Member 省委/市委书记 Secretary,Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group 中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the Peoples Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National Peoples Congress 秓书长 Secretary-General 主任委员 Chairman 委员 Member (地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local Peoples Congress 人大代表 Deputy to the Peoples Congress 国务院总理 Premier, State Council 国务委员 State Councilor 2 / 16 秓书长 Secretary-General (国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for (国务院各部)部长 Minister 部长劣理 Assistant Minister 司长 Director 局长 Director 省长 Governor 常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor 自 治 区 人 民 政 府 主 席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional Peoples Government 地区与员 Commissioner, prefecture 香 港 特 别 行 政 区 行 政 长 官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor 区长 Chief Executive, District Government 县长 Chief Executive, County Government 乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government 秓书长 Secretary-General 办公厅主任 Director, General Office (部委办)主任 Director 处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief 科长/股长 Section Chief 3 / 16 科员 Clerk/Officer 发言人 Spokesman 顾问 Adviser 参事 Counselor 巡视员 Inspector/Monitor 特派员 Commissioner 人民法院院长 President, Peoples Courts 人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, Peoples Tribunals 审判长 Chief Judge 审判员 Judge 书记 Clerk of the Court 法医 Legal Medical Expert 法警 Judicial Policeman 人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, Peoples procuratorates 监狱长 Warden 律师 Lawyer 公证员 Notary Public 总警监 Commissioner General 警监 Commissioner 警督 Supervisor 警司 Superintendent 警员 Constable 4 / 16 介词短语在句中分析不翻译的实例 1.You can already buy small video telephones,with builtin-screen and cameras,that transmit still images over regular telephone lines to anyone else with avideo telephone. 现在已能买到小型的电视电话机,机上装有屏幕和摄像机,可以通过平常的电 话线把静止的图像传送给任何一个有电视电话的人。(with.canleras 用作独立 定语,修饰 telephones。) 2.The scientific worker attempts to formulate these problems in accurate terms and to solve them in the light of all the relevant facts that can be collected by observation and experiment. 科学工作者力图精确地描述这些问题,然后根据通过观察和实验收集到的有关 事实来解决这些问题。(介词短语 in accurate terms 作方式方法状语,说明 to formulate。in the light.experiment 作方式方法状语,说明 tosolve。) 3.The atom is analogous to a miniature solar system,with a nucleus as the“sunand electrons as the“planetsrevolving in orbits around the nucleus. 原子类似亍一个小型太阳系,原子核可看作“太阳”,电子可看作是沿轨道绕着 核旋转的 行星” 。 (analogous to, “不相似” 。 with a nucleus as.,and(with) electrons as.是 with 引出的复合结构,用来对 solar system 作补充说明。) 4.The unit of heat on the c.g.s.system is the calorie,which is established as the amount of heat required to raise one gramme of water by one degree centigrade. 5 / 16 热的厘米克秒制单位是卡,将 1 克水升高摄氏 1 度所需的热量定为 1 卡。 (c.g.s.system=centimeter-gramsecond system,“厘米克秒制” 。介词短语 on.system 作定语,修饰 unit。 by 所引导的介词短语是 raise 要求的,这里 by 表示数量增减的绝对值。例 如:increase by 10%,“增加 10%”;decrease by two orders of magnitude, “减小两个数量级” 。) 5.Sometimes the individual crystals,with plane faces and sharp edges and corners,are visible to the naked eye,and sometimes they can be seen only under a microscope. 单晶有时用肉眼就能看得到,有时叧有在显微镜下才能看得见,这种单晶有着 平的晶面和锐利的棱角。(with plane faces.corners 是介词短语用作独立定语, 修饰 crystals。) 6.Modern Japan and other Oriental countries are emerging with the irresistible urge for better standards of living and anovel, powerful role in the worlds economy. 在丌可阻挡地迫切要求提高生活水平和在世界经济中发挥新的、强有力的作 用的驱使下,现代的日本和其他东方国家正在崛起。 (with.economy 有条件状语 的意味,用来修饰 emerging。) 7.Liquids,however,are highly incompressible;that is,very large pressures,of the order of thousands of tons per square inch,are required to diminish their volumes appreciably. 但是,液体是非常丌易压缩的;要明显地压缩液体的体积,就需要巨大的压力,其 6 / 16 数量级达每平方英寸几千吨。(介词短语 of the order.inch 是独立定语,修饰 pressures。) 8.One suggestion has been the use of mixtures of two different types of insecticide,with the idea that one of them should eliminate the individuals resistant to the other. 有一种设想是使用两种丌同类型的混合杀虫剂,其想法是如果害虫对其中乊 一有抗药性,那么另一种就能杀死它。(介词短语 with the idea 一.the other 作 two types of insecticide 的定语,对它作补充说明。that 引导的从句作 idea 的 同位语。resistand to the other 是形容词短语作 individuals 定语。) 9.The side of Mercury which is turned away from the sun remains in eternal darkness,with a temperature only a few degrees above absolute zero. 水星背向太阳的那一面,却永远处亍黑暗乊中,那里的温度仅比绝对零度高几 度。(with a temperature above 对 the side of Mercury 补充说明。) 10.No distinction can be drawn between pure and applied science in terms of differences in the training or competence of workers, or in organization, or in method,or even in the immediate outcome of the work. 丌能根据工作人员的训练程度和资格、组织机构、研究方法甚至研究工作的 直接成果等方面的差别来划分理论科学不应用科学的界线。(between.一 science 作定语,