1,General Principle 欧洲污染水平/欧洲膳食结构,摄入量 人群危险度 (ng/人/天) (个肝癌/年/10万人) 限量20 g/kg 19 0.0041 (0.0006-0.01) 限量10 g/kg 18 0.0039 (0.0006-0.01) 相差 2个肝癌/年/亿人,30,例2. HBsAg() 25%; 中国污染水平/远东膳食结构,摄入量 人群危险度 (ng/人/天) (个肝癌/年/10万人) 限量20 g/kg 125 0.17 (0.03-0.3) 限量10 g/kg 103 0.14 (0.02-0.3) 相差 300个肝癌/年/亿人 *1990-92年全国肝癌死亡率20/10万,31,CCFH ACTIVITIES,32nd CCFH （1999） Decided to proceed in MRA on the basis of pathogen/commodity combinations；Elaborated and agreed on tentative priority list of pathogen / commodity combinations 决定对病原食品组合进行微生物危险性评估，并提出暂定优先组合,32,CCFH Drafting groups食品卫生法典委员会起草工作组,L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food(Germany) 即食食品中的单增李斯特菌 Salmonella spp. in poultry (Sweden) 禽肉中的沙门氏菌 Campylobacter spp. in poultry (Netherlands) 禽肉中的空肠弯曲菌 Vibrio spp. in seafood(United States) 海产品中的副溶血性弧菌 Enterohemorrhagic E. coli in meat(United States) 肉食品中的出血性大肠杆菌,33,Why RA is needed in China？我国为什么要进行危险性分析？,WTO CODEX / GB FOOD INDUSTRY FOOD SAFETY CONTROL Government Consumers HEALTH PROTECTION Life quality knowledge,国际贸易 食品法典 / 国家标准体系 食品工业 食品安全控制 政府 消费者 保护消费者健康 生活质量的提高 对食品安全知识的需求,34,Case in China The Control of the Deteriorated Sugarcane Food Poisoning,Fresh sugarcane grown in southern area of China Shipped, stored and sold through the winter season in the northern parts of China Contaminated sugarcane could cause fatal food poisoning when sold in the next spring,35,Sugarcane poisoning,The first outbreak of unknown causes sugarcane poisoning occurred in Henan Province in 1972 From 1972 to 1989: No. of outbreak: 217 No. of cases: 884 No. of deaths: 88 Average fatality: 10% Identified as a priority to assess and control by MOH,36,Etiology and risk assessment,Etiology and causes study were been carried out by the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine in 1980s Arthrinium spp. was the pathogenic fungus; 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) produced by A. spp. was proved to be the causative compound Assessment was made according to case-based studies, epidemiological and laboratory studies,37,Decision making and management activities,Based on discovery and assessment, MOH promulgated: Diagnostic criteria and principles for the management of deteriorated sugarcane poisoning (WS/T10-1996); Methods for the isolation and identification of Arthrinium strains and analyzing 3-nitropropionic acid (GB47689.16) MOH issued a notification on the prevention and control of DSP to all provinces of China A national health campaign for prevention and control of the poisoning was launched,38,Good results,As a result of these efforts, sugarcane poisoning has been satisfactory controlled No typical cases were reported in China in the last 10 years!,39,FAO/WHO Activates in China,Workshop on Microbiological Risk Assessment Sponsored by FAO/ ILSI /WHO/ MOH, May 10-11, 2002 Beijing Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment Training Course (David Vose) Sponsored by WHO/INFS, May 13-24, 2002 Beijing National Workshop on Introduction to Risk Analysis in the Fishery Industry Sponsored by FAO/INFOYU, Aug 12-23, 2002 Shanghai,40,Risk analysis - concluding summary,Risk analysis and its components Provide a tool for managing risks 提供管理危险的工具 Internationally recognized approach 国际公认的手段 Protect consumer health 保护消费者健康 Food products could be accepted by international market 产品被国际市场所接受,