1 定语从句（初中） 在复合句中，修饰某一名词名词或代词代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词，定语从句 一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词关系代词包括 that， which， who（宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行 词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定 语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间 有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that 作主语） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that 作宾语） 2.which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语） The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语） 3.who， whom用于指人， who 用作主语， whom用作宾语。 在口语中， 有时可用who代替whom。 例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语） Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？（作宾语） 注意： 1） 当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时， who、 that、 which 可省略， 但介词在关系代词前时， 只能用“介词+which/whom”结构（此时关系代词不能用 that 代替） 。例如： This is the house (which/that) we lived in last year.(可省) This is the house in which we lived last year.(不可省，关系代词不可用 that) Please tell me (whom/that) you borrowed the English novel from.(可省) Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.(不可省，关系代词不可用 that) 2）关系词只能用 that 的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只 能用 that，而不用 which.例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. This is the most beautiful place that I have been to . b.被修饰的先行词为 all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？= I didnt understand the words all that he said. c.先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few ，no，just 等词修饰时， 只能用 that，而不用 which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f.主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 3）关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况： 2 a.先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that.例如： Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that.例如：（同（1） ） This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句，用 which， 而不用 that.例如： Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 （1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 （2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 （3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 注意：“介词+which/whom”结构有时可与其他关系代词或关系副词互相转换 That is the house where my father used to live. =That is the house which my mother used to live in. = That is the house in which my mother used to live. 上句中：in which = where 六：练习六：练习(一一) 1 Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. Thats all _ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what 3. Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about _ yesterday ? A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them 4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been 5. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which 6. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which 7. _ cleans the classroom can go home first. A. Anyone B. those who C. However D. The one who 8. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 9. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister. A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was 10. George Mallory was an English teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 11. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. Those 12. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 13. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 14. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3 15. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 16. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 17. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 18. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 19. They were interested _ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 20. - Do yo