副词语法意义副词起修饰动词、形容词、另一个副词或全句的作用，并表示时间、地点、长度等。功能功能位置（及用法）举例定语adv在中心词后the life here, the host upstairs表语adv在系动词后I must be off now.Is the fire out?补语adv作宾补，在宾语后Let me show you out.作主补，在主语后She was shown out by a guide.状语adv地点、时间和方式副词一般放在句末。句中有时有时间、地点时，其原则：先地点后时间，小在前大在后。强调时可置句首。Everyone began to shout very loudly.Hell leave for Shanghai at 7 tomorrow.Slowly, she said, “let me see again”.频率动词放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，行为动词之前。He is often late for school.You must always wait in a queue.We quite agree with you.副词修饰形容词和另一个副词时，通常放在所修饰的词之前，只有enough例外。She speaks English very well.She is old enough to go to school.分类分类用法说明例词1时间副词表示时间，在句中位置较灵活ago,now,early,soon,today,then2频度副词属时间副词，常在行为动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词后always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,occasionally3方式副词表示方式，多在被修饰的动词后slowly,suddenly,simply,easily,carefully,loudly,fast,quickly4程度副词表示程度，在被修饰的形容词或副词之前very,much,little,quite,fairly,totally,rather,indeed,so5地点副词表示地点，常在谓语后，若有宾语，一般在宾语后here,there,down,around,away,in,out,up,above,below,ahead6疑问副词表示疑问，在句首或谓语前，引出疑问句when(ever),where(ver),how(ever),why7连接副词置于句首，引导名词性从句、状语从句when(ever), why,so,therefore,otherwise,thus8关系副词置于句首，引导定语从句并在从句中作状语when,where,why,as9解说副词置于句首，修饰整句，表示说话者的态度语气frankly,obviously,besides,fortunately,personally,generally,luckily构成构成方式例词例外不加词缀只作副词的单词ago,almost,now,often,soon与形容词同形的enough,early,fast,first,still,long,last,hard,late,upstairs加后缀ly或y大多是形容词+lycarefully,bravely,softly,surely,politelytrue-trulybasic-basically以le结尾，去e加ysimple-simply,possible-possiblygentle-gently,terrible-terribly辅音字母+y结尾，变y为I再加lybusy-busily,angry-angrily,类似词还有：heavy,happy,hungry,lucky, noisydry-drylyshy-shyly以ll结尾的直接加yfull-fully,dull-dully加前缀aahead,abroad,aloud,aside,alone加后缀ward(s)构成表示“趋向”backwards,down-,for-,up-,in-,out-,north-, home-有两种副词形式与adj同形及加ly作副词时意义变化较小brightly,easy-easily,cheap-cheaply,close-closely,loud-loudly,slow-slowly与adj同形时以及加ly作副词时意义变化大的fair公正地-fairly相当地 most最-mostly多半词组短语成语词组a bit, a little,a lot, a great deal, first of all, too much, much too成对词构成的词组far and near,first and last,here and there,heart and soul,now and then,high and low,more or less,sooner or later复合副词sometimes,therefore,outside,everywhere,however,indoors注意：有些加ly的词只作形容词（名词+ly）。如：friendly,comradely,homely, lovely,monthly,smelly,fatherly,brotherly。有些既可作形容词又可作副词，如：likely,deadly,hourly。比较级、最高级的构成及巧记口诀类别例词构成方法及说明原级比较级最高级规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词highcleverhigherclevererhighestcleverest一般在词尾加er或estbravesimplebraversimplerbravestsimplest以字母e结尾的单词，直接加r或stangryearlyangrierearlierangriestearliest以辅音加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加er或esthotthinhotterthinnerhottestthinnest以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er/est注：以加er/est结尾构成比较、最高级形容词，在加上im,un等否定前缀后，仍加er/est构成比较级和最高级，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,其他词如unlucky,untidy。多音节和部分双音节词slowlyusefulhappilypleasedmore slowlymore usefulmore happilymore pleasedmost slowlymost usefulmost happilymost pleased在该单词之前直接加more构成比较级，加(the) most构成最高级；由过去或现在分词构成的形容词也用此方法构成比较级和最高级不规则变化Good/wellbetterbestBad/ill(evil)worseworstMany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast既可以表示“少”，也可以表示“差”farfartherfarthest表示距离，较远，最远furtherfurthest表示程度，（更）进一步oldolderoldest表示年长多少/年龄大小eldereldest只作定语，用于兄妹间大小latelaterlatest表示时间latterlast表示顺序注意：有些形容词没有比较级，这类常见的有：right, sure,present , fatal,hopeless, inevitable,western,empty,perfect,square, etc.有些形容词本身已经具有比较的含义，因此也不再有级的词性变化，这类常见的词有：superior,senior,junior,major,minor,next,equivalent,inferior,prior等。这类词在两个事物之间作比较时，这些形容词要使用原形，其后跟介词to，而不用than。比较级的基本句型等级句型用法说明例句原级As +原级+as表示两者之间某种性质程度相等The clothes are as white as snow.He runs as fast as I do.Not so/as+原级+as表示两者之间某方面与后者不一样或不如后者Helen is not as/so thin as her sister.She doesnt walk as/so fast as he does.比较级比较级+than表示前者某方面性质的程度更甚于后者She spent more money than she could earn.Actions speak louder than words.特殊疑问句+v.+比较级，A or B？在两者之间进行比较并要求作出抉择Who is fatter, this cow or that one?Who runs faster, a cat or a rat?比较级+and+比较级在系动词后作宾语It gets warmer and warmer in spring.作定语在名词前We have more and more friends.作状语在动词后The cat runs faster and faster.最高级The+adj/adv最高级+in/of+比较范围用于三者或三者以上的比较He is the tallest among us.Of the three girls, he likes Lucy best.特殊句型The same +n.+as与.一样=as.asThe ruler is the same length as that one.The + 比较级 +of the two两者中较.的He is the braver of the 2 children.Less + 原级 +than比.更不.Today is less cold than yesterday.The+比较级.,the + 比较级越.就越.The earlier you start, the sooner you will be back.More and more +原级比较级+and+比较级越来越She is getting more and more active in sports.Its becoming colder and colder here.表示最高级的特殊句型1， As+原级+as any/ever,2