资源预览内容
第1页 / 共13页
第2页 / 共13页
第3页 / 共13页
第4页 / 共13页
第5页 / 共13页
第6页 / 共13页
第7页 / 共13页
第8页 / 共13页
第9页 / 共13页
第10页 / 共13页
亲,该文档总共13页,到这儿已超出免费预览范围,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述
1 现在完成时 一、现在完成时态的结构 have /has (助动词 )+done( 过去分词 ) 说明: 动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种, 规则形式同过去式的规则形式。非规则形式需要特殊记忆。 可以这样分类: AAA 、ABB 、ABA 、ABC AAA cost-cost-cost,hit-hit-hit,let-let-let, read- read-read, put-put-put,set-set-set hurt-hurt-hurt, cut-cut-cut ABB buy-bought-bought,catch-caught-caught, teach-taught-taught ,find-found-found, sell-sold-sold stand-stood-stood build-built-built sleep-slept-slept spend-spent-spent ABA come-came-come, become-became-become ,run-ran-run ABC break-broke-broken,fly-flew-flown, ride-rode-ridden ,take-took-taken, write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken, drive-drove-driven 二、现在完成时态的基本句式 肯定句:主语 +have/has+Vpp+其他 否定句:在助动词have/has 后加上否定词 not 2 一般疑问句:将助动词have 或 has 提到句首,肯定的 简略回答是: Yes,主语 have/has. 否定的简略回答是: No,主语 have/has not. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 三、现在完成时态的用法 1、用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其 结果却和现在有联系 : 动作或状态发生在过去 , 但它的影响 现在还存在 , 可以和 already, never, ever, just, before, yet 等副词连用。 例如: They have left. ( 他们已经离开了 , 也就是说现在他们 人不在这里 ) I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了 , 也就是说 我现在不饿 ) He has seen the film. So he won t go with us. (看 电影发生在过去,但现在仍然记得它的内容。) 说明:already 与 yet 都有“已经” 的意思,但 already 常用于 肯定句 ,并用于句中。 yet 常用于否定句和疑问句, 并用于 句末。 例如: I have already finished my homework. I haven t finished my homework yet . Have you finished your homework yet 2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可 以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内) 3 的一段时间的状语连用, 如 for+ 时间段、 since+ 过去的时间 点、疑问词 how long 等。例如: My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002 . 自从 2002 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here 你来这里多久了 注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延 续性动词(否定句除外)。例如: (1) 这本书我已经买了三个月了。 错误: I have bought the book for three months. 正确: I have had the book for three months. (2) 你哥哥参军多长时间了 错误: How long has your brother joined the army 正确: How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier 四、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去 的事情, 强调动作 ;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的 事情对现在的影响, 强调的是影响 。 I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。 ) I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的 内容已经知道了。) 4 2 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现 在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一 般 过 去 时 的 时 间 状 语 : yesterday last week, .ago, in1990,in October, just now, 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far,ever, never, just, yet, in the past few years, already, 句子中如有过去时的时间副词 (如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时 (错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night . (对) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词 一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 She joined the League three years ago. ( 加入的动 作不是延续的 ) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续 ) She has been a League member for three years (since 5 three years ago). 是团员的状态可持续 ) 比较 since 和 for since 用来说明动作起始时间“自从” ,for用 来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”。 在有for 和 since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之 相应的表示状态的词 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949 . I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has) been 表示“ 曾去过某地,已经从那里回来 了”,可以和 ever 、never 、twice 等连用。have(has) gone 表示“ 已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回 来 注意 :第三人称 ”。have(has) been in 表示“ 在某地 呆多长时间 ”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for, how long 等 He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海 He has been to Shanghai. 他( 曾经) 到/ 去过上海 .( 但 他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了 .( 也许刚 动身出发 , 也许已经到了, 也许还在路上, 反正他人不在这 6 里) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布 朗先生来上海已经有三天了 一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr. Li _ . Just . ago .before .a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better 6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 7 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really When _ there . will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、 _ you _ your homework yet Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished. will; do; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . .joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、 Do you know him well Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become .have made 13、 How long have you _ here About two months . . been . gone . co
网站客服QQ:2055934822
金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号