Information Technology in Public Procurement公共采购中的信息技术,Jeff Woodhams,IT 信息技术,Targets 目标 notification 通告 purchasing cards采购卡 EDI电子商务 tendering 招标,Targets for IT in Public Procurement公共采购中信息技术的目标,Europe 欧洲 UK 英国,Going Electronic通过电子途径,SIMAP and Other Initiatives by Jeff Woodhams,OJEC Notices 欧盟官方通告,Information on Contracts合同信息,Public contracts announced in 公共采购信息发布在 Official Journal - OJEC CD-ROM 欧盟官方通告 Tenders Electronic Daily - TED 招标电子日报 SIMAP Euro Info Centres 欧洲信息中心 trade associations 贸易协会 chambers of commerce 商会 other services by subscription (eg Contrax Weekly) 其他刊物,SIMAP Projects SIMAP 项目,Notification 通告 dissemination 传播 market monitoring and analysis 市场调查和分析 information exchange between purchasers and suppliers 采购方与供应方的信息交换,SIMAP Benefits SIMAP的好处,automatic translation自动 翻译 no postal delays无邮政延误 automatic replies自动回复 cost savings 节约费用,SIMAP,SIMAP,SCU,SCU,Notices,statistics,enquirers,esp.,SMEs,Commission,OPOCE,TED,Future in Europe欧洲的未来,standards for high volume transactions为大批量交易设置的标准 pilots for SMEs 在SMEs方面的领先者 Sweden瑞典 Norway挪威 Finland芬兰 France法国 construction industry initiatives (eg Latham)建筑工业提出的,Standards标准,all users to have a unique address所有用户使用唯一的地址 addressing uses X 400 地址使用X400 security to allow cheap encryption加密保证安全 authentication to prove origin 鉴定原始来源 proof of receipt单据证明 time lock for tenders 为招标者锁定时间,ProcureNet or Internet?采购网或英特网,Purchasing Cards采购卡,work like credit cards如信用卡 “super” petty cash 资金量不大 cover simple transactions包括简单的交易 issued to end users发放给使用者 penalties for abuse惩罚滥用者 feedback on spend is weak花费反馈不好,Purchasing Systems采购系统,can be tailored to the needs of the purchaser可以按采购者需要定做 can be limited to certain suppliers可以限制在一定的供应商 can be limited to certain products可以限制一定的商品 make life easy for end-users and procurement departments alike 简化最终用户和采购部门工作 provide detailed analysis of spend 提供详细的开支分析 orders can be sent electronically 订货可以在网上进行,Useful Internet Sites,Electronic Procurement网上采购,Jeff Woodhams,Which Aspects Benefit?哪些方面可以受益,High volume transactions大批量交易 invoices 发货单 call offs 取消 delivery advice 交货方式 purchase orders 订单 high complexity 复杂性高 drawings 绘图,Typical Invoice Pattern,10,50,100,300,600,800,1k,1.5k,2k,2.5k,3k,5k,10k,10k,Invoice amount in,0,50,000,100,000,150,000,200,000,No of,invoices,External invoices received by 5 Swedish local,authorities - total 620065 invoices,Pre-Contract Messages合同开始前信息,call for competition,expression of interest,information required,information & certificates,request for rules & criteria,rules & criteria,decision on qualification & reasons if rejected,selection of tender list,enquiry documentation,requests for additional documents,additional documents,requests for clarification,additional information,tenders,tender assessment,request for clarification,response,contract award,P,U,R,C,H,A,S,E,R,S,U,P,P,L I,E,R,S,Post Contract Messages合同后期信息,ready for delivery,delivery coming,invoice,progress reports,request for quote for variation,quotation for cost & time,variation instruction,notification of claim event,mitigation instructions,costs claimed,request for clarification,clarification,decision on claim,certification of work,payment,notification of defects,final certificate,P,U,R,C,H,A,S,E,R,S,U,P,P,L I,E,R,Legal Validity法律有效性,No problem in UK 英国没有问题 burden of proof 验证负担 security 安全性 authenticity 真实性 serial numbers 序号 separate legal agreement may be desirable essential between countries 在各国间要求有法定协议,Vertical Markets 市场,Automotive industry - Odette 汽车工业 construction industry 建筑工业 retailing 零售业 health care 保健,EDI in Car Industry汽车工业的电子商务,raw,material,component,supplier,sub-assembly,supplier,car maker,dealer,sub-assembly,supplier,component,supplier,raw,material,raw,material,EDI in Construction Industry建筑工业的电子商务,sub-sub-contractor,sub-contractor,main,contractor,client,engineer,surveyor,architect,sub-contractor,sub-sub-contractor,EDI in Retail Industry零售业的电子商务,packaging,ingredients,carriers,supplier,supplier,carriers,retailer,store,store,Closed Systems,supplier X,supplier Y,proprietary,system A,customer,supplier,proprietary,system C,retailer S,retailer T,proprietary,system B,proprietary,system D,EU Procurement Directives欧盟采购指令,Cover包括-central government中央政府local government地方政府utility companies公共事业 require要求-advertising of needs 公布需求 no discrimination非歧视open specifications公开技术规范objective assessment客观评估,EU Procurement Directives欧盟采购指令,avoiding discrimination means 避免歧视方法 open EDI 公开电子商务 & cheap entry costs 参加费低廉,Projects 项目,characteristics -特征 low volume 量小 high value 价值高 high complexity高度复杂 long timescales 时间长 subject to variations 可能发生变更,Projects项目,Challenges挑战 consistent information前后一致的信息 managing information信息管理 all parties must be able to access information所有人能够进入信息系统 access to information on site 在现场获取信息 not home base不在总部 potentially hostile environment潜在不利的环境下,Internet,data path数据路径,Supplier