1一 动词不定时的性质和构成动词不定式：（to）+do， 否定式：not + (to) do 以 do 为例，动词不定式的构成如下：动词不定式的否定式是由 not + 动词不定式构成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.主动 被动一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing 完成时 to have done 主 to have been done 被2完成进行时 to have been doing一般式：to+动词原形不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 例如： Im glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求3马上手术。 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 （1） 进行式：to be +现在分词例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 （2） 完成式：to have+过去分词例如：I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。 I happened to have seen the film. 4我偶然看过这部电影。 He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。I d like to have been offered the job and(to have been)given the opportunity to prove myself.我真想（当时）把这个工作给了我，给我个机会来证明我自己。例如：I had hoped to visit the great pyramid=I hoped to have visited the great pyramid=I hoped to visit the great pyramid, but I 5didnt. 我本希望参观大金字塔的。不定式的句法功能：不定式可以做主语 （1） 作主语：eg：to die like that is a terrible thing.It is terrible thing to die like that. 在看一个例子，to tell a lie is not always easy=Its not always easy to tell a lie.撒谎并非总是易事。第三个例子 eg: For a dog to die like that is a terrible 6thing.=its a terrible thing for a dog to die like that.Itll be a great shame for you to forget her.Its not proper for us not to accept the invitationIt has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation.It is very kind of you to help me. Kind 在这里是表语，形容you，It is+形容词 +of sb.+to do sth.这样的句子更强调某人如何如7何。可以改写成“sb+be+形容词+to do sth。而 for sb to do sth 这一结构更强调某事如何如何It is easy for me to learn English. 更强调英语很好学。不能说成：It is difficult of me to learn English.或者 I am difficult to learn English.看教材上第二个例子。It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time=You are unwise to go the United States at this time.8（2） 作宾语： 1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如： I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们9树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。 2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如： Birds fly.鸟会飞。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。（3）作宾语补足语。Eg：I hear a boy sing a song.The boy is heard to sing a song.10He saw a thief come into Jims houseThe thief was seen to come into Jims house.（3） 作定语：Eg：I have the ability to complete the task. 典型例题：The pressure _ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A. to compete B. competingC. to be competed 11D. having competed 定语中出现的考点，需要格外注意：考点：看一个例子： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.在比如：He needs a pen to write with.（4）作状语： 目的状语：He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。 12注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。 wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语，他需要一本词典。在看几个例子： Every morning he gets up very early to 13read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加 in order to 或 so as to（以便或为了） ，但应注意 in order to 位于句首或句中均可，而 so as to 不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 结果状语：例如:14He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off. 他急忙赶到机场，却得知飞机已经起飞了。He returned home from his holiday only to find that his house had been broken into. 他休假回家，却发现他的房子被破门而入了。They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。（5）作表语， To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked. 说实话，15我不喜欢他讲话的方式。 注意：1 不定式的省略：保留 to省略 do 动词。 If you dont want to do it, you dont need to. 如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。 2不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略 to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。注意一个考点：动词不定式在介词 but other than 后面时，16如果介词之前有行为动词 do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带 to，否则就要带 to，另外在 cant choose but, cant help but(只好) ，cant but（只好）had better, would rather 后面的不定式也要省略 toI cannt but agree to his termsI cant choose but laughAll I could do was go home.We could do nothing but/other than wait.We had nothing to do but/other than wait17动名词动名词：动名词的形式： V+ing 否定式：not + 动名词 一般式 ：谓语动词同时发生 doing （主动式） being done （被动式）完成式 ：谓语动词发生之前 having done（主动式） having been done （被动式）I wished that I had met the film star yesterday.I wish that I had met18Beat beating being beatenHaving beaten having been beatenWashing being washedHaving washed having been washed下面我们来看几个例子，了解一下动名词的各种形式。（1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 （2）被动式： He came to the party without bein