天津昌昊实业有限公司,成人英语基础培训 之词类 18th.Jan.2016,成人学习英语要点,英语作为一门语言，想要掌握没有捷径，唯有不懈的积累词汇，加强练习。 1.掌握音标 2.积累词汇 3.了解基本语法 4.熟知英语表达的习惯 5.加强平时阅读，培养眼缘及语境,音标 Phonetic symbol元音字母：A E I O U辅音字母：五个元音字母外的其他字母,音素 48个,元音20个 发音时气流无阻，响亮清晰,辅音28个 发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,音素是英语语音中最小的发音单位,单元音,前元音i: i e 中元音: 后元音a: u: u : ,合口双元音ei ai au u集中双元音i u,元音,双元音,辅音,爆破音 p b t d k g 摩擦音 f v s z r h 破擦音 t d tr dr ts dz 舌侧音 l 半元音 w j 鼻辅音m n ,音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位 一个元音或者一个元音+一个或者几个辅音可构成一个音节。单独的一个或者几个辅音不能构成一个音节。 一个词中有几个元音就可以说它有几个音节。 一个音节：Sitsit坐 makemek 制造 meetmi:t遇见 两个音节： babybebi婴儿 tidytaidi 整洁的 sistersist姐妹 三音节： Germany d:mni 四音节： immediately mi:dtl立即 development dvelpm()nt 发展 五音节： international ntnnl国际的 communication kmjunken沟通,Excuse me! Yes? Is this your handbage? Pardon? Is this your handbag? yes ,it is. Thank you very much. Thats nothing.,Is this your handbag?,New word and expressions excuse kskjuz原谅 me mi 我（宾格）yes 是的，is your j: 你的，你们的 handbag hn(d)bg手提包pardon pdn原谅，请再说一遍 Nothing n无，没什么,1.Excuse me!打扰一下 2.Is this your handbag? 一般疑问句。回答用yes/no Is it your cat? Yes ,it is./no,its not. Are you ok? Yes,Im ok./no,Im not so good. Can you speak English? Yes,I can./no,I cant Is she a teacher? Yes ,she is./no ,she isnt Do you know Mr.Li? Yes,I do./no,I dont 3.Pardon? 当没有听清别人说的话时，要求别人再说一次 I beg your pardon。 4.Thank you very much/thanks a lot/thanks. 回答，its my pleasure /not at all/that is nothing.,Language points,5.me,you 代词,Grammar,代词,人称代词(I,we,you ,us,you,they) 指示代词(this,that,these,those) 不定代词(some,any,anyone,few,many) 疑问代词(what,who,which,why) 物主代词(my,your,our,his,her,their its) 反身代(myself,himself,herself,ourselves),人称代词：表示谁的词 物主代词:表示所属关系的代词,也叫代词所有格,1.注意主谓一致。 He is my brother. We are family. You are a good man. Please send me a email. Take a copy invoice to us ,please! They will pick me up at 7:00p.m. He told us to hand in our documents. 复数代词be动词用are，单数第三人称用is，第一人称用am,人称代词的运用,2.两个以上的人称代词并用时表达的顺序。 单数时 you and I 复数时 We and you you and she you and they he and I we,you and they you,she and i You,he and I all are very busy recently. We ,you and they will go and join at the park.,1,2,3,2,3,1,1.John has lost_key._asks_for help. A.her,he,I B.his,he,me C.his,she,I D. her,she,me 2.So many people now are waiting for_ A.We B.us C.our D.ours 3.I want to borrow the cutter from_(he). 4._ are all enjoy the new year holiday. A. I, you and he B. you, I and he C. He , you and I D. You, he and I 5.You can teach_ (they)maths.,Exercise练习,物主代词的运用,两种物主代词的区别： 1). 形容词性物主代词后面一定要接名词，不能单独使用。 2). 名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，后面不能接名词。 That bike is mine(my x)= That bike is my(mine x) bike. 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+名词,注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。 These books arent ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours) This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room = ours),物主代词的运用,“of +名词性物主代词”表示双重所有格。 A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 Tom is a friend of mine我的一个朋友 This tool of his is useful.他的这个工具很有用。 He is a teacher of my sisters他是我妹妹的一个老师,1.Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him 2.I gave her _address and she gave me _. my , her B. my , hers C. mine , her D. mine, hers 3._school is much bigger than_. A.Their , our B. Your , their C. Their , ours D. ours, yours,Exercise练习,记忆词汇,excuse kskjuz原谅 me mi 我（宾格）yes 是的，is your j: 你的，你们的 you 你，你们 Yours handbag hn(d)bg手提包pardon pdn原谅，请再说一遍 Nothing n无，没什么 He him他 She her 她 We us 我们 They them 他们 their 他们的,课前回顾,1.元音字母有哪些？ 2. e a: u: u : ei ai au u p b t d k g f v s z r h t d tr dr ts dz l w j m n 3.音标拼读并说出是几个音节组成： faundr kwpmnt ,mnjufktr,A.E.I.O.U,Foundry 铸造厂 Equipment 设备 Manufacturer 生产/制造厂商,课前回顾,4.当别人说话中要插话应怎么说。 5.这是你的？ 6.一般疑问句的回答。 Do you like icecream？ 7.你，我，他，你们，我们，他们的主格，宾格分别是什么？ 8.第一，二，三人称的形容词性的物主代词，名词性物主代词分别是什么？,Excuse me，please！,Is this your ？,Yes/No+主语+助动词/连系动词 Yes,I do/no,I dont,反身代词的运用,定义：反身代词又称自身代词 第一,二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词+self/selves 构成第三人称的反身代词由宾格代词+ self/selves构成,反身代词的运用,（一）作动词的宾语 反身代词可以与enjoy, hurt, teach, look after等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。 1. enjoy oneself = have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night? You will hurt yourself if you dont take care. teach oneself = learn by oneself自学 Did you teach yourself English ?= Did you learn English by yourself? look after oneself 照顾自己 I can look after myself well, thanks. 2. help oneself (to sth.) 随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。 Help yourselves to some fruit, children.,反身代词的运用,（二） 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语 1. by oneself = alone自己做 She has done her homework by herself. 2. for oneself为自己 She made the skirt for herself. 3. of oneself自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself. 4. among themselves在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among themselves. （三）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。 1. 作主语的同位语 He himself told me the news. 2.作宾语的同位语 Youd better ask Mary herself about it.,反身代词构成的短语 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 = have a good time dress oneself 自己穿衣服 teach oneself sth. 自学 help oneself to 请自便吃点 by oneself 独自地 = on ones