Electrical and electronic system,Question 1: List the major parts of a car electrical system.,Battery Starter Charging system Ignition Lighting Auxiliary Electronic Device,The purpose of the battery is to store electrical energy. It does this by converting the electrical energy supplied to it into chemical energy so that when an electrical current is required the energy change is reversed.,蓄电池用于储存电能，它将电能转变为化学能储存，在用电时再将化学能转变为电能。,In making the battery, several similar plates are properly spaced and welded to form a plate group. Plates of two types are used, one for the positive plate group, the other for the negative plate group. A positive plate is nested with a negative plate group, with separators placed between the plates to form an element. Separators are designed to hold the plates apart so that they do not touch, and at the same time they must be porous enough to permit electrolyte to circulate between the plates. 在制造蓄电池时，几块相似的极板以适当的间隔焊在一起组成极板组极板组分为两种，阳极板组和阴极板组一块阳极板被一组阴极板所包围，隔板放在两组极板之间形成一个单元隔板又必须具有多孔性，使电解液能够在各极板间流动,Question 2: List the types of Battery.,Lead-acid Battery 铅酸电池,Nickel-hydrogen Battery 镍氢 电池,绝缘层,Hydrogen Fuel Cell 氢燃料电池,Lithium-ion Battery 锂离子,The charging system provides the electrical energy a car needs once its engine starts. The charging system does two jobs. First, it provides electrical power for the ignition system and the cars electrical accessories. Second, it replaces the power used by the battery in starting the car. In other words, the charging system maintains the batterys state of charge.,一旦开始发动，充电系统就给汽车提供电能。充电系统有两个任务：首先，给点火系和电力附件提供电能；其次，给电池补充在起步时消耗的电能，换句话说，就是维持电池的电荷状态。,Question : Whats the operation theory of Alternator?,Electricity can be produced by moving a conductor through a magnetic field, The opposite also holds true. By moving the magnetic field and holding the conductor, electricity can be generated in the conductor. This current is called an induced current. This is the basic principle of the alternator, an electromechanical device that changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.,导体在磁场中移动会产生电流，反之也成立。保持导体固定不动，移动磁场，导体中就会产生电流，该电流称为感应电流。发电机的基本原理就是这样的，通过机电装置把机械能转变为电能。,Let us imagine that the wire loop is rotated between the north and south poles of the magnetic field. If the ends of the loop are now connected via collector rings and carbon brushes to a voltmeter, it will be possible to read off an alternating voltage owing to the constantly changing position of the loop with respect to the poles. 假设线圈在磁场中的南极和北极间转动如果线圈的一端通过集电环和电刷与伏特计相连，将能够读取由于线圈相对于磁极不停的改变位置而产生的交流电压,The starter must crank the engine at a specified minimum speed (starting speed) in order to generate the air-fuel mixture necessary for self-sustained operation of spark-ignition engines, even under adverse conditions, and must support the engine as it runs up to minimum self-sustained speed after initial ignition.,为了保证点燃式发动机持续工作所需的可燃混合气，起动机必须在某一确定的最低转速（起动转速）起动发动机，甚至在不利工况下也是这样。点火后，起动机还要维持发动机在最低的稳定转速下转动。,Electric motors (DC, AC and three-phase), as well as hydraulic and pneumatic motors are used as starting motors for internal-combustion engines. 直流电机、交流电机和三相交流电机，以及液压和气压电机都可用作内燃机的起动机。,Question : Whats the starting conditions of Starter?,Starting limit temperature Cranking be required to conquer resistance Minimum crank speed,When current from the battery is passed through the wire, the steel core becomes a strong magnet. The magnetic force of the core pulls in the plunger. The shift lever is attached to one end of the plunger. Then the movement of the plunger causes the shift lever to move outward. This lever, in turn, moves the pinion gear into mesh with the ring gear. The solenoid uses magnetic force to do the mechanical work of moving the shift lever that engages the two gears.,蓄电池电流流过线圈时，铁芯成为强磁铁。铁芯的磁力推动柱塞，推杆同柱塞一端接触，柱塞的运动使推杆向外移动，从而推杆移动小齿轮与飞轮齿圈啮合。电磁线圈利用磁力移动推杆使两齿轮接合。,The solenoid also does another important job. There is a contact disc on the other end of the plunger. When current flows through the coil of wire, the contact disc attached to the plunger moves and makes contact with two terminals.,电磁线圈也完成另一个重要任务。在柱塞的另一端有一个触盘。电流流过线圈时，与柱塞接触的触盘移动，同两个接线端相连接。,current flows from the battery to the starter motor, and the crankshaft begins to rotate. When current stops flowing to the solenoid, the bottom of the shift lever moves back. This disengages the pinion gear from the ring gear.,电流从蓄电池流向起动机，曲轴开始旋转。线圈中的电流停止时，推杆底端向后移动，小齿轮与齿圈分离.,The design of the ignition system in the spark-ignition engine depends upon how ignition is triggered, ignition timing adjustment and how the high tension is distributed and conveyed. The following table shows a classification of various ignition systems. 点火式发动机点火系统的设计取决于点火触发，点火正时调整以及高压电的分配和输送下表说明各种类型的点火系统,Question : List the types of Ignition System.,Question : List the main parts of Coil Ignition System.,Question 10: List the actions of Coil Ignition System.,When the ignition is switched “on”, the primary circuit delivers low-voltage current from the battery through ignition swi