生产管理知识生产环氧乙烷外文翻译the need for large volumes of chlorine.需要大量的氯。Also there are no chlorinated也有不含氯hydrocarbon by products to be sold, processing facilities can be made烃类按产品要出售，加工设施，可simpler, and operating costs are lower.简单，和运营成本较低。The main disadvantage of the direct直接的主要缺点oxidation process is the lower yield or selectivity of ethylene oxide per unit氧化过程是产量较低或单位的乙烯氧化的选择性Page 3第3页of feed ethylene consumed.乙烯消耗的饲料。The main inefficiency in the process results在这个过程中结果的主要效率低下from the loss of 20-25 mol% of the ethylene to carbon dioxide and water.摩尔乙烯20-25的损失，以二氧化碳和水。Consequently the operating conditions must be carefully controlled to因此，经营状况，必须认真控制，以maximize selectivity.最大限度地提高选择性。All the ethylene oxide palnts are based on the original process所有的环氧乙烷palnts是基于原工艺chemistry discovered by Lefort in 1931.化学勒弗尔在1931年发现。C彗星22HH44+ O2+半氧C彗星22HH44OThe only significant by-products are carbon dioxide and water, which唯一显着的副产品是二氧化碳和水，are formed either by complete combustion of ethylene:乙烯完全燃烧形成：C彗星22HH44+ 3O+3O222CO2CO22+ 2H+2H22OOr by further oxidation of ethylene oxide:或者由环氧乙烷的进一步氧化：C彗星22HH44O +2 O2O+2半氧2CO2CO22+ 2H+2H22OTo prevent the further oxidation of ethylene oxide, the ethylene为了防止进一步氧化，环氧乙烷，乙烯conversion is typically between 20-30% for ethylene oxide.转换通常是环氧乙烷20-30之间。In addition to ethylene oxide, carbon dioxide, water, small quantities此外环氧乙烷，二氧化碳，水，小批量of acetaldehyde and traces of formaldehyde are also produced.乙醛和甲醛的痕迹也有生产。In this在这calculation this is neglected and assumed to go with the bottom products.计算，这是被忽视和承担的底部产品。Page 4第4页The total percentage of production of these compounds is 0.2% of the total这些化合物的生产，占总数的百分比是0.2的总ethylene oxide produced.环氧乙烷生产。A large amount of heat is released by the ethylene oxide reactions.由环氧乙烷反应释放大量的热量。At在600 K, each Kg of ethylene converted to ethylene oxide releases 3.756 MJ;600K，每公斤转化为环氧乙烷发行3.756兆焦耳的乙烯;each Kg of ethylene converted to carbon dioxide and water releases 50.68每公斤转化为二氧化碳和水的乙烯释放50.68MJ.兆焦耳。Energy recovery and integration is a prime concern in process design.能源回收和整合是在工艺设计中的首要关注。PROCESS DESCRIPTION:过程描述：Ethylene (95-98% purity) and oxygen (air with 95 mole % of oxygen)乙烯（纯度95-98）和氧（95摩尔的氧气的空气）are mixed in a ratio of 1:10 by weight and passed over a catalyst consisting是按重量1:10的比例混合，并通过在一个组成的催化剂of silver oxide deposited on an inert carrier such as corundum.氧化银沉积在惰性载体，刚玉等。Generally an通常是一个anti catalyst such as ethylene dichloride (about 2% based on the weight of如二氯乙烷（重量约2的反催化剂ethylene) is added to the ethylene feed to suppress the formation of carbon乙烯）被添加到乙烯饲料压制形成的碳dioxide.二氧化碳。As an alternative vent gases form the absorber may be recycled to作为一种替代的宣泄气体吸收塔可能被回收the reactor in such quantity as to keep the ethylene concentration in the feed在这种数量的反应堆保持在饲料中的乙烯浓度at 3-5%.在3-5。At a pressure of 4-5 atmosphere and temperature of 270-300C,在4-5大气和温度在270-300C压力，when a contact time of 1 sec is used, about 50 % of ethylene is converted.使用时1秒的接触时间，约50的乙烯转化。25% of the ethylene is converted to ethylene oxide.25的乙烯转化为环氧乙烷。The effluent gases from the reactor are washed with water under从反应器的出水气体，用清水洗净pressure in an absorber.在吸收塔的压力。The ethylene is absorbed and sent to a desorber to乙烯被吸收并传送到一个脱附desorb the water, which is used for the absorption.脱附的水，这是用来吸收。This water is recycled.这水被回收。Page 5第5页The overhead product from the desorber is sent to a steam stripper to remove从脱附的开销产品发送到蒸汽汽提塔删除the dissolved gases.溶解的气体。The water- ethylene oxide mixture with small amount of少量的水环氧乙烷的混合物ethylene and other impurities are fed to a fractionating column to purify the乙烯和其他杂质，递过来一个分馏塔，净化ethylene oxide to 99 mole%.环氧乙烷99摩尔。Commercial processes operate under recycle conditions in a packed在一个拥挤的商业流程循环条件下运作bed multitubular reactor.床multitubular反应堆。The reactor is of shell and tube type comprised of该反应堆是由管壳型several thousand mild steel or stainless steel tubes, 20-50 mm inside数千软钢或不锈钢管，20-50毫米内diameter.直径。The reactor can be either oil or boiling water-cooled.该反应堆可以是油或开水冷却。These tubes这些管子are filled with a silver based catalyst ca 3-10 mm diameter supported on a是充满了一个银基催化剂CA3-10毫米直径上的支持carrier material with surface area usually 1m载体材料表面积通常1米22/g./克。The yield (moles of屈服（痣product formed per moles of ethylene consumed in the process) is normally每在这个过程中所消耗的乙烯的摩尔中形成的产品）通常是70-80% depending on catalyst type, per pass conversion, reactor design and70-80取决于催化剂的类型，每通过转换，反应堆的设计和normally a large number of other process variables.通常大量的其他过程变量。OXYGEN BASED DIRECT OXIDATION氧直接氧化Even though the fundamental reaction and the ultimate results are the即使反应的根本和最终的结果是same there are substantial differences in air and oxygen based processes.同样有很大的差别在空气和氧气的过程。Virtually all the differences arise from the change in the oxidizing agent几乎所有的差异来自氧化剂的变化from air to pure oxygen (95 mole% O从空中到纯氧（95摩尔的O22).）。Due to the low per p