2.7 有机化合物分子中常见基团红外特征吸收,Dipole moment: The greater the change in dipole moment, the more intense the absorption,IR intensity,Symmetry Electronegativity Vibration : as s,烷烃 (Alkane),CH3 Bend,C-H Stretch,CH2 Bend,烯烃 (Alkene),单取代 RCH=CH2 (990,910 cm-1, out-of-plane (oop, 面外) ),=C-H Stretch,=C-H Bend,C=C Stretch,反式 R1CH=CHR2 (970 cm-1, Out-of-plane (oop, 面外) ),C=C Stretch,=C-H Bend,顺式 R1CH=CHR2 (730-665 cm-1, Out-of-plane (oop, 面外) ),=C-H Bend,1,1二取代 R1R2CH=CH2 (890 cm-1, Out-of-plane (oop, 面外) ),=C-H Bend,三取代 R1R2CH=CHR3 (810 cm-1, Out-of-plane (oop, 面外) ),=C-H Bend,炔烃 (Alkyne),C-H Bend,C-H Stretch,C C Stretch,芳香烃 (Aromatic Compounds),770-730, 710-690 cm-1,770-730 cm-1,810-750, 725-680 cm-1,860-800 cm-1,醇 (Alcohol),醚 (Ether),胺 (Amine),C-N stretch,N-H bend,N-H stretch,N-H stretch,N-H bend,C-N stretch,C-N stretch,醛 (Aldehyde),醛基质子的伸缩振动与变形振动的倍频偶合 (Fermi 共振),酮 (Ketone),羧酸 (Carboxylic Acid),酯 (Ester),C-O Stretch,酰氯 (Acid Chloride),C-Cl Stretch,酸酐 (Acid Anhydride),酰胺 (Amide),硝基化合物 (Nitro),N-O stretch,N-O stretch,卤代烷 (Alkyl Halide),