专题06 词性转换（构词法）精讲深剖真题速递单句语法填空/单句改错1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _ (believe) that populations are increasing. 【答案】belief【解析】考查词性转化。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief2.（2019全国II卷）We are so proud of her. Its (wonder).”【答案】wonderful【解析】考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。故填wonderful。3.（2019全国III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. 【答案】competition【解析】考查词性转化。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。4.（2019 浙江卷）School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 【答案】traditional【解析】考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。5.（2018全国I卷）To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 1 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and its always2 (energy)【答案】第一空strengthen ；第二空energetic 【解析】考查词性转化。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。第二空，and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。6.（2018全国II卷）This switch has decreased (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【答案】pollution【解析】考查词性转化。pollution 考查名词。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。7（2018全国II卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption. 【答案】global【解析】考查词性转化。global 考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。8.（2019 浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. 【答案】affordable【解析】考查词性转化。affordable 考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词affordable。来源:学科网9. （2019 浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.【答案】affordable【解析】考查词性转化。weight 考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，故空处需要填名词weight。10.（2017全国I卷）However, be (care)not to go to extremes. 【答案】careful【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。知识链接常见的以ful结尾的形容词： awful糟糕的，极坏的beautiful美丽的wonderful美妙的，精彩的 helpful有帮助的useful有用的 meaningful有意义的thankful感谢的 grateful感激的careful仔细的 colorful五彩缤纷的regretful遗憾的 hopeful有希望的11.（2017全国II卷）This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. 【答案】introduction【解析】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。知识链接 名词后缀ion：graduation毕业 discussion讨论 translation翻译correction改正 connection连接 separation分离expression表达 association联系 exhibition展览election选举 possession占有 completion完成decision决定 permission允许 admission允许进入12. （2017全国II卷）The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 【答案】successful【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。知识链接 形容词后缀ful：successful成功的 careful细心的 hopeful充满希望的helpful有帮助的 useful有用的 cheerful高兴的grateful感激的 thankful感激的 powerful强有力的13.（2017全国III卷）She is determined to carry on with her (educate)【答案】education【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。拓展v.tionn.attractattraction n吸引collectcollection n收集corporatecorporation n合作connectconnection n联合constructconstruction n建设electelection n选举exhibitexhibition n展览inventinvention n发明operateoperation n操作pollutepollution n污染produceproduction n生产protectprotection n保护14.（2017全国III卷）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 【答案】difference改为different 【解析】考查词性转化之名词变动词。形容词修饰名词kinds。考纲解读英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为政克后面的重难动词做铺垫。知识梳理一. 动词、形容词转换为名词1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/ationcorrect correction改正celebrate-celebration庆祝;庆祝会attract attraction吸引conclude conclusion结论;结束discuss discussion讨论;辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳;准许入学inviteinvitation邀请explain explanation解释graduategraduation毕业expectexpectation期望-er/-ordrivedriver司机;驾驶员gathergatherer收集者;采集者teachteacher老师announceannouncer广播员conductconductor指挥;售票员-mentpunishpunishment惩罚achieve-achievement功绩;成就argue argument辩论;论据treattreatment对待;治疗equip equipment装备;设备govern government政府-ance/-enceappearappearance出现;外貌guideguidance指引;指导performperfor