1,虚 拟 语 气,2,概念： 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、或推测。,3,一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中,过去式 be -were,should / would/ could / might + do,had done,should / would/ could / might + have done,过去式（be-were） should do were to do,should / would/ could / might + do,4,If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. （过去虚拟）,1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议（现在虚拟）,2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。（将来虚拟）,3.如果你以前好好学习， 你会通过考试的。,If I were you, I would accept his advice.,If it rained（should rain/were to rain ）tomorrow, I would stay at home.,5,You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. drove; didnt get drove; wouldnt get were driving; wouldnt get had driven; wouldnt have got,6,1. if从句中， 省略if，were，had，should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），否定词not不能放在前面。,1.If I were you, I would accept his advice.,2.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.,3.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.,Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rain tomorrow,.,7,_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. Were B. Should C.Would D. Will,If it should rain tomorrow (省略if，用部分倒装）,8,2.错综时间虚拟语气 当从句与主句时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you _(follow)my advice just now, you _(be)better now. If you _(study)hard before, you _(be)a college student now.,had followed,would be,had studied,would be,9,If you _ with George earlier, you _ so angry now. talked; would not be had talked; would not be would talk; would not be had talked; would not have been,10,If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now. is not polluted would not be polluted had not been polluted would not have been polluted,11,3、含蓄虚拟语气 在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。 常用的有otherwise ，or ，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）等。,1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. =If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.,12,2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.,3.Without / But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, ,13,Without electricity, human being life _ quite different today. is will be would have been would be,14,But for his help, I _. should not have succeeded have not succeeded did not succeed had not succeeded,15,He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. had scored scored would score would have scored,16,It is strange that_. 他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is necessary that_. 有必要派他去北京。,二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 1，Its necessary/strange/natural/important/ impossible that 主语+(should)+动词原形,he ( should ) say so,he be sent to Beijing,17,2.It is a pity /a shame/ a surprise/no wonder that 主语+(should)+V原形,It is a great pity that_. 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。,he ( should ) think so,18,3.It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed / （1234）+that +主语+(should)+V原形 Its suggested that the plan should be carried out. It is suggested that_ _. 有人建议，晚会周六举行。,the party （should）be,held on Saturday,一个坚持 insisted,两道命令 ordered, commanded,三条建议 advised, suggested, proposed,四点要求 demanded, required, requested, desired,19,It is required that you _ at six. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 2.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam. A. has B. should C. would D. might,20,3. It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. A. should be made B. is made C. would be made D. was made,21,三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 1.在wish 引导的宾语从句中,过去时（were）,过去完成时、 had+done could have done,Should/would/could/might+动词原形,I wish (that)he_(visit) us tomorrow. I wish (that) he_(visit)us today. I wish he_(visit) us yesterday.,would visit,visited,had visited,22,I wish I _ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended C. have attended D. had attended,23,2.在表示坚持，要求,命令,建议的宾语从句中,一个坚持 _ 两个命令 _ 三个建议 _ 四个要求 _,+that 主语+（ should ）+ V原形 The doctor suggested that he (should) try （try）to lose his weight. He insisted that we (should) tell （ tell）him the news.,insist,order, command,advise, suggest, propose,demand, require, request, desire,24,注意： suggest:表明，暗示 陈述语气 建议 虚拟语气 Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill . Her friends suggested that she _(send) to hospital immediately. Insist：坚持说， 陈述语气 坚持要求 虚拟语气 He insisted that he _(not steal) the money . He insisted that he _ (set) free.,was,(should) be sent,hadnt stolen,(should) be set,25,3.在 would rather 宁愿 would prefer would sooner +宾语从句中 had rather would as soon 与现在或将来事实相反 过去时 动词过去式/were 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 had done I would rather you _(come) here now. I would rather you _(come) here tomorrow. I would rather you _ (not tell)me the truth yesterda