Lesson Two,Marrakech,Aims,To know the writing technique of exposition. To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples. To appreciate the language features,Teaching Contents,1. Exposition 2. George Orwell 2. Detailed study of the text 3. Organizational pattern 4. Language features 5. Exercises,Time allocation,1. Background information (15 min.) 2. Detailed study of the text (120 min.) 3. Structure analysis (15 min.) 4. Language appreciation (15 min.) 5. Exercises (15 min),Exposition,Exposition is perhaps the type of writing that is most frequently used by a student, a scientist, or a professional.Exposition - expounding explaining,Exposition,An expository paper explains or explores something, such as the process of making a machine, the causes of a natural or social phenomenon, the planning of a project, or the solution of a problem.,Exposition,Description - deals with appearances and feelings Narration - deals with events and experience Exposition - deals with processes and relationships,Exposition,Things can be explained by,Definition,The key to a definition is concreteness. One has to give concrete facts to make a definition effective.,2. Listing,We must have enough number of items to be listed. Then, if possible, arrange the items in the graded order of increasing importance.,3. Examples,Its the simplest, the most common, best method.,4. Classification,We have to follow a system consistently. The categories of division should be mutually exclusive. There should be no overlapping. One item can belong to one category and only one.,5. Comparison and contrast,We liken one thing to another by pointing out their similarities (comparison) We emphasize the difference between the two. (contrast),6. Analysis,We may discuss the cause and effect of a historical event, its nature and its significance in history.,Exposition,The writer appeals to a readers understanding with verifiable facts and valid information, explaining and interpreting that materials so that the reader will accept his point of view or explanation. Thus he must organize and develop his thought objectively and present it with honesty and completeness so that the reader will have confidence in what he is saying.,Exposition,1. generally the writer makes a statement of the central thought or of his purpose quite early. This statement is sometimes called the thesis, and may even be the title of the piece. 2. Sometimes the writer may first present and develop his facts and make his general statement as a conclusion at the end.,The Text,It is an exposition, a political essay. Orwell leaves no doubt about his feelings concerning colonialism and its results. He has shown the reader how millions of people can be ignored and treated as less than human.,Theme -,The suffering and misery of the colonial people in Marrakech The writer gives descriptions by examples. The objective presentation of examples show that the people in colonial countries are poverty-stricken.,George Orwell,A British novelist and essayist between the two world wars *image-1* http:/etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/ He is mush praised in the west partly because of his anti-communist point of view. He was born in India, father, a so called empire-builder -serving the British government abroad.,George Orwell,He received good education in Britain and studied in the most famous school Eden“.,George Orwell,He travelled widely. Marrakech is one of the places he travelled to. His travel made him take a hostile attitude toward imperialism. He showed deep sympathy for the poor and became a firm supporter of socialism.,George Orwell,He joined Spanish War. He was seriously wounded. The Spanish socialist forces divided into faction. The faction he belonged to was persecuted. So he became so pessimistic and depressed, which led him toward anti-communist attitude.,George Orwell,Animal Farm - a political fable*image-2* Each animal represents a certain human character, meant to criticise Stalins socialism.,George Orwell,In reading his works, several aspects draw our attention:1. His works show sharp powers of observation and deep sympathy for suffering people.2. His works give a deep sense of conviction and urgency.,George Orwell,3. The use of English is clear, simple and direct, with no formality of embellishment. (addition/decoration) He said his ideal was to write prose like a window pane. _ as clear as glass,Detailed study of the text,Marrakech *2image-3,4,5*,Detailed study of the text,As the corpse. The opening paragraph is very dramatic. The choice of this scene and the words he uses implies much more than what appears on the surface. 1) dirty 2) poor,in a cloud -,a large number of small things moving through the air as a mass a cloud of insects,crowd -,It suggests 1) the lack of order 2) people are not terribly concerned about the funeral.,all men and boys, no women,According to Muslim law, Muslims must respect women,