Grammar,Unit 4 Body language,Answer key for Exercise 1.,defence, likely, Italy, canteen, represent, dash, approach, association, cheek, flight,Discovering useful words and expressions,Answer key for Exercise 2.,approached, Jordan, cheek, curiously, dashed, misunderstood, contrary,Answer key for Exercise 3.,crossroads, adult, major, dormitory, greeted, representing, association, spoken, Colombia, curious, flight,Grammar,一: V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。,V-ing 形式,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done,(not) having been done,V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。,1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。 -ing形式表示 “供作.之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimming,A sleeping car,= a car for sleeping,2) -ing形式表示 “.的” 意思, 过去叫现在分词 A sleeping child working people the rising sun,-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。如: They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.,2. 作状语 可以表示时间, 原因, 结果,条件, 行为方式或伴随动作等。,Using your head, youll find a good way.,条件,1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. ( 伴随动作) 2) Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.,(原因),3) Working hard, youll surely succeed.,条件,4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.,伴随,5) He came running back to tell me the news.,方式,6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened. (时间, 可以在分词前保留when ),7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.,结果,Attention Please,-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。,Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。),the British lady,the Columbian,the Japanese,the Canadian,You see her step back appearing surprised.,His nose touches Mr. Cooks moving hand.,You see her step back appearing surprised. = You see her step back and she appears surprised.,They also express their feelings using unspoken language.,=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.,His nose touched Mr. Cooks moving hand. =His nose touched Mr. Cooks hand which is moving.,= They are visitors who come from several countries.,They are visitors coming from several countries.,= This is an experience which is exciting.,This is an exciting experience.,1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.,Rewrite the following sentences.,When,approaching,2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.,translating,the,songs,3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.,who,is,standing,4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.,Coming,from,5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _ _ _.,doing,her,homework,Grammar work 语法专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Not _(know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday. 2. Look out for cars when _(cross) the street. 3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.,knowing,crossing,having been invited,4. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed. 5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _ (read) “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” 6. _ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water. 7. _ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.,leaving,reading,Taking,Having closed,Grammar quiz 语法小测 1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared,C,2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said,A,3. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait,C,4. _ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally,C,5. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran,B,1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. 6. Knocking at the door before entering