The infinitive 不定式,动词不定式的时态和语态,一般式 进行式 完成式 否定形式,to do,not to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,被动形式,主动形式,to have been done,for sb to do,复合结构,for sb to do,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,To see is to believe . To lose heart means failure. Its a good habit to get up early. Its necessary for us to drink water as often as possible.,1. 动词不定式作主语( Subject)：,注：1.动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2.如果动词不定式太长，常把it用作形式主语。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do eg: It takes us an hour to get there by bus. 句型2：Its + n. + to do eg: Its our duty to help the poor. 句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 注：for/of sb to do sth 为不定式复合结构。 eg: Its very kind of you to help me.,2.不定式作表语,My job is to help the patient .,The only thing I can do is to study hard.,作表语的不定式带to与不带to: 作表语的不定式通常带to，当主语部分含有实义动词do，不定式作表语可省to。,The only thing I can do is (to) wait. All you have to do is (to) press the button.,1). 其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need) eg: My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean. 2). 不定式to let, to blame主动表被动. eg: The house is to let. The driver is to blame for this accident. 3). be to do可构成将来时态,表 “准备/打算/计划/需要”; eg: She is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain.,hope, wish, want, promise, agree, decide , plan , refuse, manage, determine, fail, hurry,3. 动词不定式作宾语：,注：1 .有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。 2 .不定式作宾语，如果后面带有宾补时，用it作为 形式宾语，不定式后置,I find it interesting to work with him . He felt it a hard task to finish it on time.,e.g. I promise to finish the homework on time.,want, ask, teach, promise, tell, allow, permit, forbid, advise, persuade; order; invite,4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语：,The teacher advised us to read every morning.,注：但感官动词(see, observe, hear, find .)，使役动词(make, let, have)后省略 to作宾补，在被动语态中加回to。 I noticed him leave. =He was noticed to leave by me.,I have some books for you to read . Please give me a knife to cut with . She is looking for a room to live in .,5. 不定式作定语,注：不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作。,比较: I have some clothes to wash. I am going to attend an important meeting to be held tomorrow.,1). 动宾关系: I have a lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write on. 2). 主谓关系: She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat. 3). 修饰性关系(同位) : need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement. eg: The poor had no chance to go to university in the past. Can you find the way to solve the problem?,6. 动词不定式作状语,Im saving up to buy a computer.,(1) 表示目的,_ pass the exam，he worked very hard.,In order to,so as to 不可以置于句首,目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示,不定式表示结果常见于下列句型,( 2 )表示结果,1)only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.,2)enough to do He didnt run fast enough to catch the train.,3)too.to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.,4)so.as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?,5)such.as to do We are not such fools as to believe him.,( 3 )不定式作原因状语：,I am sorry to hear that. I am glad to see you. We were very excited to hear the news,动词不定式考点,不定式的主被动形式 不定式的省略问题 特殊疑问词加不定式,1.Wand Dong wanted to surf the Internet, but his father told him_. A not to do B. not do it C. do not to D. not to 2.-Would you like to join us in the game? -Id _. But I have to go to the teachers office. 3. -Do you like reading love novels? No, but I _. 4.To learn English well, we can do nothing but wait .,not to,like to,used to,have no choice but to speak,不定式和特殊疑问词 who, when， what, which, why 等连用也可在句中作主，宾，表。,The question is how to do the job well.,When to leave and where to go havent been decided.,He told me where to find the book.,1.用于adj. 后 e.g. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. 2.用于seem ,appear, happen, pretend. 后 e.g. The police seemed to have known the truth. He pretended to be reading a book when his mother came in. 3.用于be said/believed/reported/considered / thought后 e.g. The writer is said to be writing another novel. 30 persons were reported to have been killed in this accident. 4.用于 be sure/certain/likely 后 e.g. The bus is likely to have left.,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (NMET2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,高考题汇集：,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (MET1998),to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented,4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003),much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,5. The boy wanted t