Section Grammar同位语及同位语从句语法图解探究发现We two, Mr. Lee and myself, had a talk privately.All the Chinese people, old and young, love our socialist country.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.我的发现(1)以上句子中加黑部分是同位语。同位语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词或从句来充当。句是由名词短语作同位语；句是由形容词短语作同位语；句和句是由that引导的同位语从句。(2)在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。从句可以看出，同位语从句一般用that,_whether,_who,_why等词引导。(3)同位语从句常放在fact,_idea,_question,_problem,_news等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。一、同位语一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式)，对前者进一步说明，这一部分就叫作同位语。可充当同位语的有名词(词组)、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)及从句等。1名词、代词或数词充当同位语We teachers should be responsible for this.我们老师应该为此负责。(名词作同位语)They each put forward a proposal.他们每个人都提出了一个建议。(代词作同位语)You may leave it to us two.你可以把这事留给我们俩。(数词作同位语)2名词词组、形容词(词组)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)等充当同位语Mr. Robeson, our head teacher, is from Canada.我们的班主任罗伯逊先生，来自加拿大。(名词词组作同位语)Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?逃避惩罚，这就是你的目的？(不定式短语作同位语)The current fair, the biggest in its history, is being held in a big city.目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在一座大城市举行。(形容词短语作同位语)The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(动名词短语作同位语)即时演练1写出下列句中充当同位语的词(组)词性We both have a chance to take part in this activity. 代词Please bring these books to them three. 数词Wang Bing, our monitor, will help us to turn in our papers. 名词短语Is this what you have done, leaving all these things in a mess? 动名词短语People, old and young, went to the street to watch the parade.形容词词组二、同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。His accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner. 他的口音立刻显示出他是一个外国人。The news that he was in trouble determined me to act at once. 他陷入困境的消息，使我决心立即行动。All of us know the truth that the world is made of matter. 我们大家都知道世界是由物质构成的这个事实。 Why are they surprised at the idea that he will retire next year? 他们为什么对他将在明年退休的想法感到惊讶？即时演练2补全句子We finally got the information that_the_ticket_price_had_gone_up. 我们终于得到了票价已上升的信息。Do you know the fact that_the_famous_actor_has_already_got_married?你知道这位著名的演员已经结婚的事实吗？She announced her decision that_she_would_have_a_journey_alone.她宣布了她将会独自旅行的决定。三、同位语从句的连接词1连接词that, whetherthat引导同位语从句时，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，一般不能省略。whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，但仅起引导作用，在句中并不作成分，不可以用if替换。The news that our team has won the match is true.我们队获胜的消息是真实的。There is some doubt whether John will come on time.有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到来。2连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等；其意义分别为“谁”“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。The question who should clean the room has been solved.谁该打扫房间的问题已经解决了。I have no idea what he is up to now.我不知道他现在干什么。With time going, the doubt which of the team would win disappear.随着时间的推进，哪支队伍会赢得这场比赛的疑问消失了。The problem whom he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again.他将代替谁这个问题在会议上被反复讨论。The message whose responsibility it was known to all.大家都知道了谁承担责任的消息。3连接副词when, where, why和how连接副词when, where, why, how引导同位语从句时则在句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语；其意义分别为“什么时间”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。They have no idea when I will go back.他们不知道我什么时候回去。I have no idea where he has gone.我不知道他去了哪里。I have no idea why he gave up.我不知道他为什么放弃了。I have no impression how he went home.他是怎样回家的，我没有印象。即时演练3(1)在下列句中填入恰当的引导词(2016天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.(2014重庆高考改编) Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.(2013浙江高考改编)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.(2)将下面句子合并为同位语从句Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that_two_fifths_of_all_girls_in_America_are_on_a_diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.四、同位语从句的几个注意事项1同位语从句中的虚拟语气名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should) do”的形式。The order that all the soldiers should set off at once was given by the general.所有士兵立刻动身出发的命令是由将军下达的。The suggestion that everyone should make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是必要的。2doubt与同位语从句名词doubt(怀疑)用于肯定句中，其后面的同位语从句用whet