必修1Units 35,话题之二 环境保护 三年4考 2011浙江假设你是高中生李越，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写（to scribble）和乱丢垃圾（to litter）的行为，请用英语给校长写一封100120个词的信。信中应包括以下内容： 1. 说明写信目的；2. 对这些行为进行批评；3. 提出建议。,June 8, 2011 Dear Mr. Headmaster, I am Li Yue, a student from Class 1, Senior 2. I am writing to draw your attention to some improper behaviour among us students: littering and scribbling. It makes our school dirty and unpleasant, and does harm to the image of our school. I always feel ashamed whenever I see this. It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about. I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set up,specific rules against such behaviour. At the same time, students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future. Thank you for your consideration. Yours faithfully, Li Yue,1. 文章要点齐全, 切合试题要求。 本文首先说明写信动机让校长对校园里同学们随意涂写和乱丢垃圾的行为引起足够的重视; 接下来是对这些行为的批评态度；最后提出改进的建议。,2. 全文行文流畅，使用词汇地道、高级。 高级词汇和短语：draw your attention to, improper, image, feel ashamed, appropriate, set up, joint, enjoyable 高级句型：. . . whenever. . . ，It is+adj. +for sb. to do 语篇过渡语：at the same time 多样性表达：表达建议 a)I wonder if. . . b). . . should be encouraged to do. . .,【佳作习得】翻译句子 句型：疑问词+ever. . . (让步状语从句) 无论你多富有，都要遵守法规。 You must obey the rules and regulations however rich you are.,基础指导（二）并列句与复合句 . 并列句 定义：由and, or, but, while, yet, so, for等并列连词连起来的两个或两个以上互不依从的分句的句子叫并列句。,并列连词分类： 1. 单纯连词：and, both. . . and. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , as well as等。 2. 转折连词：but, yet, still, while等。 3. 选择连词：or, not. . . but. . . , either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . 等。,4. 推理连词：so, therefore, for等。 He was ill, but he went to school. 他病了，但他还是去上学了。 He lost his job, so he was unhappy these days. 他失业了，所以他这些天不高兴。,提醒： “祈使句+and/or(otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。 Try it again, and you will succeed. 再试一次，你会成功的。,. 复合句 定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句从属于主句，不能独立存在。 从句分类：根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。,1. 主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 When we should start is still a question. 我们应该什么时候开始仍然是个问题。 2. 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings. 他们认为电脑最终会取代人类。,3. 表语从句：在句子中作系动词的表语的句子, 它位于主句中的系动词之后。 That is why he did not come to school yesterday. 那就是他为什么昨天没来学校的原因。 4. 同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。 I heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队赢了的消息。,5. 定语从句：在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 This is the missing boy (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. 这是我们这些日子一直在寻找的失踪的男孩。,6. 状语从句：在复合句中作状语, 其位置可以在主句前或主句后。 1）时间状语从句通常由when, as, while, after, before, as soon as, since, till (until), whenever 等引导。 When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. 当你完成作业的时候，你可以和Sam出去玩。 2)地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever等引导。 I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. 不管他在哪里我都不会忘记要去抓那个偷我项链的贼。,3)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导。 4)目的状语从句通常由so that. . . , in order that. . . 等引导。 5)结果状语从句通常由 so that. . . , so. . . that. . . 等引导, 往往放在句尾。 6)比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so). . . as等引导。 7)让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if(even though), however, whatever等引导。 8)条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等引导。,. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1. Her parents died and left her a lot of money. 2. You were not in the office. 3. I took care of my brother while Mother was away. 4. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 答案：1. 简单句2. 简单句3. 复合句 4. 复合句,5. Walk fast, or well be late. 6. I havent heard from you for a long time. 7. He was very tired; therefore, he fell into a sound sleep. 8. It is said that Jim got married a week ago. 9. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 答案：5. 并列句 6. 简单句 7. 并列句 8. 复合句9. 复合句,. 按要求转换句型 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? （变为复合句） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China? 2. “Does the girl need any help? ” he asked me. （变为复合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help.,if/whether,enjoys,if/whether,needed,3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either. （合并为一个句子） _ Jim _ Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know. （改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _ .,Neither,nor,when,leaves,5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not. . . until改写) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework. 6. You must be careful with your pronunciation. (改为祈使句) Be careful with your pronunciation.,didnt,until,. 用适当的并列连词填空 1. Work hard, _ you will fail. 2. Keep quiet, _ you will not be found. 3. He worked hard, _ he faild in the exam. 4. He was watching TV _ his mother was cooking. 5. When you quarrel with others, _ fail in the exam, you may have a bad mood. 6. _ does Li Meng sing well, _ she dances well.,or,and,but,while,or,Not only,but also,定语从句 定语从句是语法学习中的重点和难点，也是高考必考内容。对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择，介词+关系代词的判断。复习定语从句时应注意以下几点：1. 了解关系代词、关系副词及介词+关系代词；2. 学会分析定语从句中的句子结构。3.