Section Grammar & Writing语法图解探究发现By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.I returned the book that I had borrowed.Upon their entering the tomb, Caters lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake.Then, a few months after Carter had openedthe tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt.He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.I had been at school for half an hour when Li Lei came.我的发现(1)过去完成时的构成：had过去分词。(2)过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”如句。(3)过去完成时可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻，如句。一、过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成。二、过去完成时的用法1过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。When the explorer hurried to the destination, the others hadalready left.当这名探险者匆忙赶到目的地的时候，其他人已经离开了。By nine oclock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 即时演练1用所给动词的适当形式填空I had_finished (finish) my homework before supper was ready.The play had_started (start) when we got to the theatre.By the end of June they had_treated (treat) over 10,000 patients.He had_collected (collect) enough evidence up to that day.(2016浙江高考改编)Silk had_become (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.2表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。He told us that he had done the scientific research for 5 years.他告诉我们他做科学研究已经5年了。即时演练2完成句子他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。He had_learned_English_for_eight_years before he went to England for further study.他说自实行改革开放政策以来他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。He said great changes had_taken_place in his hometown since China carried out reform and opening policies.3动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。I had never thought that you were content to help me.我从未想过你愿意帮我。We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。即时演练3用所给动词的适当形式填空I had_planned (plan) to meet you at the airport, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.I had_wanted (want) to lend you some money, but you didnt ask.I had_meant (mean) to visit you, but an unexpected thing happened.4过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。He said that he had knownher well.他说他对她很熟悉。即时演练4用所给动词的适当形式填空He told me that his team had already won (win)She said that she hadnt_gone (not go) to the Great Wall yet.5在状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。常由when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导。When I woke up, it hadalreadystopped raining.我醒来时，雨已停了。 名师点津before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句多用一般过去时。After he arrived in England, he workedhard to improve his English.他到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。即时演练5完成句子她直到把工作做完才睡觉。She didnt_go to bed until she had_finished her work.读完那本有趣的小说之后，我就上床睡觉了。I _went_to_bed_after I_finished reading the interesting novel.不久他就安然无恙地回来了。It was not long before he came_back safe and sound.6过去完成时的常用固定句型(1)主语had hardly/scarcely (no sooner)过去分词when/than从句(从句用一般过去时)；当hardly, scarcely, no sooner表示否定意义的词位于句首时，主句要倒装I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.我刚到家就下雨了。(2)It was一段时间since从句(从句用过去完成时)It was at least three months since Ihad leftBeijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。(3)It was the first/second/. time(that)从句(从句用过去完成时)It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。(4)主句(过去完成时)by the time .(一般过去时)We had goteverything ready by the time they arrived.在他们到达之前，我们已经做好一切准备了。(5)句子(过去完成时)by the end of .(表示过去的时间)By the end of last term, we had learned English at least for four years.到上个学期末，我们至少已经学了四年英语。即时演练6(1)句型转换I had hardly seen her when I got off the bus.Hardly hadIseen her when I got off the bus.He had no sooner arrived than she went away.No sooner hadhearrived than she went away. (2)用所给动词的适当形式填空It is the second time that I have_visited (visit) China.It was the first time I had_gone (go) abroad.7过去完成时和一般过去时的区别(1)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时。We had reachedthe station before ten oclock.10点钟之前我们已到达了车站。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时都可以和确定的、表示过去的时间状语连用，但意义有所不同。He had done the work at six oclock.在6点钟的时候他已经完成了那项工作。He didthe work at six oclock.他是在6点钟的时候做那项工作的。即时演练7完成句子他来这儿之前在一所中学教英语。He had_taught English in a middle school before he came here.他回到家，突然意识到他把钥匙落在车上了。He got_home and suddenly realized he had_left his key in the car.8过去完成时和过去完成进行时的区别过去完成进行时强调动作的持续性，过去完成时表示在过去某一具体时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，强调动作已结束这一事实。They had been building the road by the end of last month.到上个月月底为止，他们一直在修建这条路。They had builtthe road by the end of last month.上个月月底，他们已建好了这条路。即时演练8用所给动词的适当形式填空(全国卷改编)When Alice came to, she did not