Unit 4 Earthquakes Learning about Language,1.Get the students to learn the Attributive Clause introduced by that/which/who and whose. 2.Let the students learn different usages of that/which/who and whose.,Learning aims,1.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake _shook Tangshan. 2.The army organized teams to dig out those _.,which was almost as strong as the first one,who were trapped and to bury the dead,Leading-in,Find the attributive clauses in the text,3.A huge crack_ _ cut across houses, roads and canals.,that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide,4.The number of people _ _ reached more than 400,000.,who were killed or seriously injured,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,I.定语从句的相关概念,1.定义：,在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句,2.先行词：,被修饰的名词,代词或整句话,There was an earthquake which happened in Tangshan in 1976.,3.引导定语从句的词,关系代词,关系代词：,who, whom, whose, which, that等,关系副词：,when, where, why等,. 关系代词的用法,that,which,who,whom,whose,【想一想】何时可以省略？,在从句中作宾语时可以省略。,【即学即练】,The man _ is Liu Xiang.,who ran fastest,Liu Xiang is the man _.,who ran fastest,Changzhou,develop fast,a city,Changzhou is a city _.,which /that develops fast,So easy!,Which house is mine?,My house,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,The house _ is mine.,whose roof is brown,Beckham is a football player. He is handsome.,Beckham is a football player, _.,who is handsome,Beckham, _ , is a football player.,who is handsome,. that和which用法的区别,1. 只能用that不能用which的情况,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much 等不定代词时。,I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.,(that),Do you have anything _ you dont understand?,(that),(2)先行词被all, any, each, few, every, no, some, little, much等修饰时。,Ive read all the books _ you lend me.,Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.,that,that,It is a piece of cake!,(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,This is the first book _ he has read.,that,It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.,that,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,This is the very book _ belongs to him.,that,He is the only person _ was present at the time.,that,(5)先行词既有人又有物时。,The famous writer and his works _ the radio has been broadcasting are popular with the students.,that,(6)当主句是以which或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the girl _ drove the car?,that,2. 只用which不用that的情况,(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。 There are many trees _ they can have a rest. This is the ring _ she spent 1,000 dollars.,under which,on which,(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。 Football, _ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.,which,3. 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用who (1) One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. (2) The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students. (3) Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished. (4) Those _ want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.,who,who,who,who,Well done!,4. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物时, 与 of which 表达的意思一样，可以调换。 1) Im painting a house, the roof _ is round.,of which,Im painting a house _ is round.,whose roof,2) They live in a house, _ windows face south.,whose,They live in a house, the windows_ face south.,of which,1. Well reach the sales targets in a monthwe set at the beginning of the year. (2014重庆高考) A. which B. where C. when D. what 【解题关键】句意:我们一个月内就可以达到年初设定的销售目标了。根据句子结构和句意可知,用定语从句,先行词为the sales targets,在从句中作动词set的宾语,引导词可用that/which或省略。,【高考链接】,2. Students should involve themselves in community activitiesthey can gain experience for growth. (2014福建高考) A. whoB. whenC. which D. where 【解题关键】句意:学生应该参与社区活动,他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。此处是一个定语从句,先行词是community activities,在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导此定语从句。,3. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. (2013福建高考) A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which 【解题关键】句意:这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语从句,先行词是those,空格处在从句中作lives的定语,故用关系词whose。,关系代词只用that的情况,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much 等不定代词时或先行 词既有人又有物时。,(2)先行词被all, any, each, few, every, no, some, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, 序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时。,【高考链接】,Please send us all the informationyou have about the candidate for the position. (2014陕西高考) A. thatB. whichC. asD. what 【解题关键】分析句子成分可知, 从句中缺“have”的宾语,故用关系代词,information被不定代词all修饰,故用that,而不用which。,1. All _ is useful to us is good. A. which B. what C. that D. whether,2. Ann talked about the people and things _ moved her greatly during her stay there. A. that B. who C. which D. what,.单项选择,Class exercises,3. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. that B. which C. of which D. whose,4. How do you find the meal? Well, that i