Translate two sentences from the reading “Fashion”,1. 许多假发厂倒闭了，数以百计的工人失业了，这多糟糕啊。 Many wig factories closed down, and hundreds of workers lost their jobs, which was terrible! 2. 她一生都在帮助印度的穷人，其中大部分人奄奄一息。 She spent all her life helping poor people in India, most of whom were dying. 3. 她把物品装在这样的小包里，这个包我是在市场上买的 She carried all her possessions in a little bag like this, which I bought in the market.,Unit 3 Grammar Non-restrictive Relative Clauses (非限定性定语从句),More Examples: 1. The gentleman admired Mrs. Brown, which surprised me. 2. He has two sons, both of whom are studying at university. 3. My friend arrived at 8:30, when I was on the bus to my office.,在形式上，它与主句很松散，与主句之间有一个逗号 “,” 隔开 在意思上，它对其先行词或全句起补充、说明的作用，而没有限定、修饰的作用。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思 注意: that不能引导非限定性定语从句,什么是非限制性定语从句？,He was very rude to the Customs officer, which made things even worse.,1. He was very rude to the Customs officer. This made things even worse. 2. The weather turned out to be very good. This was more than we could expect.,The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.,Combine the two by using non-restrictive clauses,主句，which/ as+定语从句,Pattern 1:,Many wig factories closed down, and hundreds of workers lost their jobs, _ was terrible! Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. The engineer, _ may be expected, was very strict with figures. _ is known to all, China will be an advanced powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.,which,which,as,As,Practice 1 Workbook: P19 - Part B,主句，which/ as+定语从句,He invited 50 guests, only half of whom turned up at his birthday party.,1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase. The price of the vase was very reasonable. 2. He invited 50 guests. Only half of them turned up at his birthday party.,Combine the two by using non-restrictive clauses,Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.,She spent all her life helping poor people in India, most of _ were dying. There were a lot of books here, none of _ was mine. China has a lot of famous writers, one of _ is Luxun. He mentioned a book, the title of _ I didnt remember.,主句，代词/名词+of+which/ whom+定从,Pattern 2:,whom,which,which,whom,Workbook P19 - Part C,Practice 2,主句，代词/名词+of+which/ whom+定从,Pattern 3:,主句，关系代词/副词+定语从句,She carried all her possessions in a little bag like this, _ I bought in the market. The famous football star, _ tried to make a come-back, attracted a lot of attention. Have you seen the film Titanic, _ leading actor is world famous? He decided to find a place, _ he could hide himself if enemy came. In the old days, _ I was a small boy, the city had no industry to speak of.,which,who,whose,where,when,Practice 3,Workbook P19 - Part A,主句，关系代词/副词+定语从句,Main patterns of non-restrictive attributive clauses,Many wig factories closed down, and hundreds of workers lost their jobs, which was terrible!,主句，which/ as+定语从句,She spent all her life helping poor people in India, most of whom were dying.,主句，代词/名词+of+which/ whom+定从,She carried all her possessions in a little bag like this, which I bought in the market.,主句，关系代词/副词+定语从句,限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别,He bought a house, which cost him a lot of money. He helped me a lot, which I will always remember. In their class there are fifteen students who can speak English well. In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English well. She has two sons who are P.L.A. men. She has two sons, who are P.L.A. men.,A man who doesnt learn from others cant achieve much. Finally we visited to the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.,Which or as? _ we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，指主句所表达的整个意思，在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。不同之处有三点： (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首或句中 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词 (3) as 引导的从句在意思上不可以与主句之间有转折关系,Translation: 1. John说他在办公室工作了一个小时，这是事实。 John said he had been working in the office for an hour, which was true. 2. 书架共有20本书，其中的8本是我的。 There are 20 books on the shelf, 8 of which are mine. 3. 他们有四个小孩，最小的那个在部队当兵。 They have four children, the youngest of whom is serving in the army. 4. 三月二十号，他飞往北京，在那里他待了一个星期。 On March 21, he flew to Beijing, where/ in which he stayed for a week.,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 The old lady has an vase , which is made from crystal. (这位老太太有一只花