. . . 1、 Software is a set of items or objects that form a “configuration” that includes （D） A.programs B.documents C.data D. all of the above2、The nature of software applications can be characterized by their information (D) A. complexity B. content C. determinacy D. choices b and c3、Which of the items listed below is not one of the software engineering layers?(b) a. Process b. Manufacturing c. Methods d. Tools 4、What are the three generic phases of software engineering?(a) a. definition, development, support b. what, how, where c. programming, debugging, maintenance d. analysis, design, testing5、Which of these terms is a level name in the Capability Maturity Model?(b) a. Ad hoc b. Repeatable c. Reusable d. OrganizedCMM。它是对于软件组织在定义、实施、度量、控制和改善其软件过程的实践中各个发展阶段的描述。CMM的核心是把软件开发视为一个过程，并根据这一原则对软件开发和维护进行过程监控和研究，以使其更加科学化、标准化、使企业能够更好地实现商业目标。CMM分为五个等级：一级为初始级，二级为可重复级，三级为已定义级，四级为已管理级，五级为优化级。6、In which software development problem solving stage are the results delivered?(d) a. Status quo b. Problem definition c. Technical development d. Solution integration 7、The linear sequential model of software development is(a) a. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined. b. A good approach when a working program is required quickly. c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. An old fashioned model that is rarely used any more. 8、The linear sequential model of software development is also known as the (a) a. Classical life cycle model b. Fountain model c. Spiral model d. Chaos model 9、The prototyping model of software development is (b) a. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined. b. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly. c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. A risky model that rarely produces a meaningful product.10、The rapid application development model is (c) a. Another name for component-based development. b. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly. c. A high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model. d. All of the above.11、Evolutionary software process models (d) a. Are iterative in nature b. Can easily accommodate product requirements changes c. Do not generally produce throw away systems d. All of the above 12、The incremental model of software development is (b) a. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined. b. A good approach when a working core product is required quickly. c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products.13、The spiral model of software development (c) a. Ends with the delivery of the software product b. Is more chaotic than the incremental model c. Includes project risks evaluation during each iteration d. All of the above14、The component-based development model is(c) a. Only appropriate for computer hardware design. b. Not able to support the development of reusable components. c. Dependent on object technologies for support. d. Not cost effective by known quantifiable software metrics.15、 Effective software project management focuses on(c) a. people, performance, payoff, product b. people, product, performance, process c. people, product, process, project d. people, process, payoff, product 16、The first step in project planning is to (d) a. determine the budget. b. select a team organizational model. c. determine the project constraints. d. establish the objectives and scope.17、Which factor is the least important when choosing the organizational structure for a software team? (d) a. degree of communication desired b. predicted size of the resulting program c. rigidity of the delivery date d. size of the project budget 18、One of the best ways to avoid frustration during the software development process is to (a) a. give team members more control over process and technical decisions. b. give team members less control over process and technical decisions. c. hide bad news from the project team members until things improve. d. reward programmers based on their productivity. 19、Which of these software characteristics is not a factor contributing to project coordination difficulties? (b) a. interoperability b. performance c. scale d. uncertainty 20、Which of these software characteristics are used to determine the scope of a software project? (c) a. context,lines of code, function b. context, function, communication requirements c. information objectives, function, performance d. communications requirements, performance, information objectives 21、What activity does a software project manager need