高考新题型之 概要写作,Summary,what the summary writing is,the criteria of a good summary,how to write a good summary,1,2,3,5,After this class, you will be able to know:,普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明,概要写作： 提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）,词数少于40的和多余80的， 从总分中减去2分,评分原则,1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。 2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3、词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。,评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： (1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； (3)上下文的连贯性； (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；,Narration （记叙文）,Exposition （说明文）,Forms of Literature,Argumentation (议论文）,Argumentation (议论文）,Topic,Supporting ideas,Conclusion,概要写作（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。,(Para 1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.,(Para 2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. Sodid the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. (Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighborever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness havemoved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, anAmerican immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground.,There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt,Step 1: Read,topic sentence:, structure, supporting ideas,Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph,think, believe, consider, regard, argue, support, be convinced that, in ones opinion, from ones point of view,You may need to pay attention to some words like:,Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. Sodid the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.,Examples of some European countries,(Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighborever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness havemoved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?,(Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, anAmerican immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground.,Step 2: Make an outline,In the 16th century,since18th century,People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,has no longer been regarded as cleaning away dirt is good to health,encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem,Step 3: Rewrite the sentences in other ways, There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.,different, mixed, various,反义转换,opinions, views, ideas,同义词替换, Peoples attitudes to dirt vary in different times.,towards,句型转换, People hold different opinions towards dirt over time., The attitudes to dirt is not always the same., In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.,Have a try!, In the early 16th century, people though