名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do is taking a bath. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. I dont think he is an honest boy. The fact is that he stole the car. Do you know the fact that he stole the car? Do you know the man who is standing over there? It is said that they won the game.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),引导名词性从句的连接词： that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分,连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分,不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.,在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词that，whether; 代词：who, what ,which;副词：when ,where, how, why等.,1.That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.),主语从句,1.It + be + 形容词 that从句,It is necessary / important/ obvious that,2.It + be + -ed分词 that从句,It is believed that 人们相信 It is known to us all that . 众所周知 It has been decided that 已经决定,3.It + be + 名词 that从句,It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是,4.It + 不及物动词 that从句,It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用 虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,That they will come _certain.,2. What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,What he wants _these books. What he wants _some water.,注意,is,are,is,1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海) A. What is required B .What requires C It is required D. It requires 2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京) A. This B. There is C .That is D. It is 3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海) A .where B .what C .that D. how,Exercises,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的 名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。,1.She did not know what had happened.,2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.,宾语从句,(作动词的宾语),(作介词的宾语),(作形容词的宾语),1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.,注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。,2. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。,Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?,宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe, expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含 有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句 谓语用肯定式。例如：,He told me that he _ his job. (已经完成了工作),时态呼应,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),had finished,注意,4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.,当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.,I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.,Exercises: “it”作形式主语或形式宾语：,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them,A,B,B,C,在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句,1.问题是我们和他已失去联系. 2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的. 3.天看起来要下雨了.,The problem is_,This is_.,It looks_.,that we have lost touch wi