过去分词作定语，表语,grammar,一，过去分词作定语的位置： 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的词之前。 eg. The ground was covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。,过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词之后。它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 eg. I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people. = I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people. 我被要求去执行一个多数人支持的计划。,注意： 1.过去分词修饰代词时，应放于被修饰词之后。 Eg. He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。 2.有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。,eg. This is a used car. 这是一辆二手车。 The method used is very efficient. 所用的这个方法很有效。,二. 过去分词作定语的意义： 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动；及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。 只表示完成，不表示被动 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起的太阳,表示被动或完成 an honored guest 受尊敬的客人 deeply moved people 深受感动的 人们 the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题,三，现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别： 语态上不同：现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义 a surprising news 令人吃惊的消息 the surprised listeners 吃惊的听众,时间关系上不同： 现在分词表示正在进行的动作 过去分词表示已经完成的动作 the changing world 变化着的世界 the changed world 已变化的世界 the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家,过去分词作表语： 过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, become , seem , feel , look ，remain等词之后作表语，表示主语所处的情绪或状态。 eg. He seemed very delighted at the news. The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。,听到那则消息他似乎很高兴。,2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差别 “be + 过去分词”表状态时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已形容词化； 表示动作时，是被动语态，且大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by 引出。,The book is well written. 这本书写得很好。 （系表结构，强调主语的状态） The book was written by a solider. 这本书是一位战士写的。 （被动语态，强调主语承受的动作）,书面的，文字的,3.英语中有许多与感觉有关的使令动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即 “令人的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“感到的” ，多用来修饰人，人的声音或表情等。 exciting pleasing excited pleased interesting tiring interested tired,inspiring satisfying inspired satisfied encouraging moving encouraged moved worrying astonishing worried astonished disappointing shocking disappointed shocked,The chairman announced the (excite) news in an (excite) voice. 2. Do not drink (pollute) water because it can cause many diseases. 3. look. The student (seat) at the back of classroom is (absorb) in a novel while the teacher is giving a lesson. 4. Please get the (broke) clock repaired as soon as possible. 5. They might just have a place (leave) on the writing coursewhy do not you give it a try?,6. The island, (join) to the mainland by a bridge, is esay to go to. 7. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained (stick) abroad due to the heavy rain. 8. Many of the problems remain unsettling. 9. The man dressing in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor. 10. Many things were considered impossible in the past are common today. 11.Most of the people inviting to the party were experts.,12. I am calling to enquire about the position advertising in yesterdays China Daily. 13. The players to select from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game. 14. You can not accept an opinion having offered to you unless it is based on facts. 15. Tom sounds interesting in the job very much, but i am not sure whether he can manage it.,