Book OneUnit One Focus on: ChronologyChapter 1 Napoleon: Form Schoolboy to EmperorNapoleon was a French soldier who became emperor of France. He was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only ten years his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and in military science. When he was sixteen years old, he joined French army. In that year he began the military career that brought him fame, power, riches, and, finally, defeat. Napoleon became a general in the French army at the young age of 24. Several years later he beccame emperor of the French Empire. Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, Napoleon won many, many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but many countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely against Napoleon. His defeat-his end-came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army. The great French conqueror died alone-deserted by his family and friends-in 1821. Napoleon was only 51 years old when he died.Listening Factoid 1The cause of Napoleons death at the age of 51 on the island of St. Helena is still a mystery. There is no doubt that he was a very sick man at the time of his death. One theory about the cause of his death is that he had stomach cancer. Another theory is that he was deliberately poisoned by a servant. A third theory also suggests that he was poisoned, but not by his servant. This third theory suggests that he was poisoned accidentally by fumes from the wallpaper in the house he lived in. A few years ago, samples of the wallpaper were analyzed and traces of arsenic were found in it. Arsenic is a powerful poison that was used in some of the dyes in wallpaper during the time that Napoleon lived. More than 170 years after his death, people are still speculating aboutthe cause of his death.Listening Factoid 21. Ten people who speak make more noise than 10,000 who are silent.2. In politics, stupidity is not a handicap.3. A man will fight harder for his interests than for his rights.4. Men of genius are meteors intended to burn to light their century.5. I know, when it is necessary, how to leave the skin of the lion to take the skin of the fox.6. History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upon.7. It is success which makes great men.Chapter 2 Pompeii: Destroyed, Forgotten, and FoundToday many people who live in large metropolitan areas such as Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat. Over 2,000 years ago, many rich Romans did the same thing. They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii. Pompeii was a beautiful city; it was located on the ocean, on the Bay of Naples In the year 79 C. E., a young Roman boy who later became a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in Pompeii. The boys name was Pliny the Younger. One day Pliny was looking up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into the sky. Rock and ash flew through the air. What Pliny saw was the eruption-the explosion-of the volcano, Vesuvius. The city of Pompeii was at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius. When the volcano first erupted, ny.people were able to flee the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash. The eruption lasted for about three days. When the eruption was over, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of Pompeii was buried and forgotten for 1,700 years. In the year 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of Pompeii. Soon archaeologists began to excavate-to dig-in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of Pompeii was uncovered. Today tourists from all over the world come to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.Chapter 3 Lance Armstrong: Survivor and Winner Lance Armstrong was born on September 18, 1971 in a suburb of Dallas, Texas, called Plano. Lance began running and swimming competitively when he was only 10 years old. By the time he was 13, he was competing in triathlons and won the Iron Kids Triathlon. Lances mother, who raised Lance mostly by herself, recognized and encouraged his competitive spirit. During his senior year in high school, Lance was invited to train with the U.S. Olympic cycling developmental team in Colorado. From that time on, Lance focused completely o