一、不定式和动名词：1、省略了to的不定式：（助动词后面加动词原形）have sb. do sth. let sb.do sth. make sb. do sth. help sb. do sth./help sb. with sth. can/may/have to/must do sth. see sb do sth（看见某人做某事，看见全过程，类似的还有：hear sb do sth , watch sb.do sth , find sb. do sth., notice sb. do sth等）2、带to的不定式： want to do sth. want sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. decide to do sth would like to do sth. hope to do sth.like to do sth（一般指一次性的行为） love to do sth. remember to do sth（记得去做某事，此事还未做） stop to do sth（停下来去做某事，此事是即将要做的事） 3、带to的不定式可以作后置定语，如：something to eat（吃的东西）4、不定式表目的：如To save class time, our teacher has us do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. 为了节约课堂时间，我们的老师要求我们在课堂上做一半练习，剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业完成。 注意：for也可表目的，但for后面加名词或动名词，如I buy it for you.5、动名词：（介词后面加名词或动名词）have fun doing sth. practice doing sth. enjoy doing sth. what/how about doing sth. be busy doing sth. spend time doing sth. be good at doing sth.(be good at sth.) like doing sth（经常性的行为，习惯爱好）remember doing sth（记得做过某事，此事已经做了） stop doing sth（停止做某事，此事是要停止的） see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做某事，类似的有：hear sb doing sth , watch sb.doing sth , find sb. doing sth., notice sb. doing sth）No talking（与之类似的：No swimming , No smoking等） thanks for doing sth.二、冠词不定冠词：a , an 可数名词前可以加a 或an。以元音（不是元音字母）开头的名词前加an，以辅音开头的名词前加a 如：a uniform an hour There is a “u” and an “n” in the word.定冠词：the，有指定性的名词前加the，前文出现过再次出现时前面也加the 注意：物主代词后面不加冠词（my home）；某些名词前不加冠词（如国家，城市，有名字的街道，三餐，具体的年份和月份等）；球类运动前不加the，而乐器前要加the。含冠词的短语：on weekends 和on the weekend，take a bus/taxi/walk，take a photo和take photos，go to a movie和go to the movies，have a look，have a walk，have a rest，have a good time，in the neighborhood等。三、介词（后加名词或动名词，还可组成固定短语。但注意：home , here , there ，today, tomorrow, yesterday等词除固定短语外前面不加介词；由this, that ,these, those，each, any, every, some, all等用于表示时间概念的名词前往往不加介词。）1、介词in表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morning表示“在里面”the window is in the wall , I sit in the chair. He is in the red shirt. The bird is in the tree.表示“排、行、组，前、后”，如：We are in Team One. in front of（在前面）,in the front of （在前部）表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing. arrive in Yueyang表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China. 表示“用材料、语言”如：Can you say it in English? Whats this in English?2、介词on用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的某一天。如：on a rainy day表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table. The apple is on the tree.（树的一部分）在队里用on，如：on the basketball team 表示“左、右”，如：Li Ping is on my left.用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road. 表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.3、介词at表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等（具体的，小的时间）。如：at noon , at 6 am表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village. 用于门牌号，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.4、介词for表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对 (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。表示以具体价格购买。如：You can take it for 5 yuan each.5、介词under表示“在下方”（不接触），如：They were seen under the tree.6、介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。如：She went across the street to make some purchases. 7、介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.8、介词to表示向某处移动，如：go to school , get to school 9、介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：with a pen 还可表示“和.一起” He with his parents is watching TV.10、介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法”如：He prefers traveling by car.11、介词between 表示“在两者之间”如：Dont sit between the two girls.四、词语1、常见短语 a set of 一套 lost and found 失物招领 in English 用英语 first name 名字 family/last name 姓氏 family tree 家谱Daves family/the Daves 大卫一家 my family photo/a photo of my family 我的一张全家福 taketo把带到去bring to把拿到.来 play volleyball/basketball/tennis/chessplay computer games 玩电脑游戏 play sports 做运动 play the guitar/the piano/the drum on TV 在电视上 a lot 非常 a lot of/lots of（后加名词）许多 watch TV 看电视 watch the match 观看比赛 every day 每天 everyday 日常的 ice cream 冰淇淋 French fries 炸薯条 healthy food 健康食品 a running star 跑步明星 make a list 列个清单 have/eat breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/中餐/晚餐have/eat for breakfast 早餐吃 lets=let us 让我们 how about/what about 怎么样 how much 多少钱 what color 什么颜色 at a (very)good price 以优惠的价格 have a look (at) 看一看 date of birth出生日期want (sb.)to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事 for sale 待售 on sale 降价出售 in October 在十月 on Octorber tenthhappy birthday 生日快乐 two years old 两岁 t wo-year-old 两岁的 school trip 学校旅行社 Art Festival 艺术节 speech contest 演讲比赛 English party 英语晚会 School Day 校庆 what kind of 哪种 Beijing Opera 京剧go to a movie/go to the movies/see a movie/go to see a movie 去看电影院 go to work 去上班 go to school 去上学 go home 回家 go to the mountains 去爬山 go shopping/swimming/skating/hiking/sightseeing 去购物/游泳/滑冰/徒步旅行/观光 go to bed 去睡觉 be in bed 入睡 get up 起床 get to school 到学校 get home 到家 learn/know about 了解 Chinese history 中国历史 on weekends/on the wee