1,Writing goal: writing a problem-solution paragraph,2,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,3,Language for writing: Expressions for giving reasons, proposing solutions and expressing attitude,Writing goal: writing a problem-solution paragraph,A problem-solution paragraph should have:,a problem that needs to be solved,a topic sentence stating the problem,a list of several possible solutions,specific facts, details, examples, and reasons indicating why the solutions are possible,an analytical tone,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,When proposing solutions in a problem-solution paragraph, you need to:,make clear what the problem is,put forward the solutions with good reasons,state those solutions good or possible bad effects,make the solutions simple but sufficiently convincing,Read the following paragraphs from Text B and complete the exercises.,Exercise 1,1) Highlight the problem.,2) Number the solutions given.,3) Brainstorm more possible solutions to the problem, and evaluate the solutions.,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,So how does one make a friend? At work, its easier than anywhere else because you often meet like-minded colleagues who eventually become your friends. But if the workplace isnt an option, you may have to enroll in a course or a sporting activity, or join a book club. The important thing is to do something you really like such as painting, sailing or bushwalking so that you can meet others who like these activities too. Theres no point in joining a bridge club if you hate playing cards.,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,The problem,Solution 1,Solution 2,Its also possible to make good friends in surprising places; even a friendly chat in a bank queue can lead to a friendship that lasts years, as one of my friends attests! Being open to opportunities is the key to making new friends, as is a healthy dose of courage: you must take the initiative. Even if youre shy or reluctant to make the first move, when you meet someone you feel a rapport with, its important to suggest exchanging contact details with a view to meeting.,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,Solution 3,Solution 4,1. At work, its easier than anywhere else because you often meet like-minded colleagues who eventually become your friends.,2) The solutions given:,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,2. But if the workplace isnt an option, you may have to enroll in a course or a sporting activity, or join a book club. The important thing is to do something you really like such as painting, sailing or bushwalking so that you can meet others who like these activities too. Theres no point in joining a bridge club if you hate playing cards.,2) The solutions given:,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,3. Its also possible to make good friends in surprising places; even a friendly chat in a bank queue can lead to a friendship that lasts years, as one of my friends attests!,2) The solutions given:,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,4. Being open to opportunities is the key to making new friends, as is a healthy dose of courage: you must take the initiative. Even if youre shy or reluctant to make the first move, when you meet someone you feel a rapport with, its important to suggest exchanging contact details with a view to meeting.,2) The solutions given:,Writing skill: proposing solutions to a problem,Language for writing: expressions for giving reasons, proposing solutions and expressing attitude,1. Expressions for giving reasons,One of the main reasons for this problem is .,An additional reason is .,Another issue is ,2. Expressions for proposing solutions,One solution is .,Another possibility is .,Also ,Language for writing: expressions for giving reasons, proposing solutions and expressing attitude,3. Expressions for expressing attitude,Modal verbs: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would,Modal adjectives: certain, definite, clear, probable, possible,Modal adverbs: certainly, definitely, clearly, probably, possibly, perhaps, conceivably,Constructions indicating modality: be possible, be willing to, be necessary that, be to, be able to, had better, have to,Language for writing: expressions for giving reasons, proposing solutions and expressing attitude,Writing Task,“Lack of Face-to-Face Communication”,1. Planning 2. Drafting 3. Revising 4. Proofreading,Language for writing: expressions for giving reasons, proposing solutions and expressing attitude,Topic sentence:,Step 1: Planning,Nowadays, with the increasing pace of life, lack of face-to-face communication is becoming a problem that is changing the way we live.,Language for writing: expressions for giving reasons, proposing solutions and expressing attitude,Step 1: Planning,Language for writing: expressions for giving reasons, proposing solutions and expressing attitude,Topic: Lack of Face-to-Face Communication,Step 2: Drafting,Topic sente