TOEFL95-05 阅读真题 1 1995.08 Question 1-9 Investigation of the Deep-Ocean Keywords: ocean, researchers, techniques, samples, rocks The ocean bottom a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,6000 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earths surface, the deep ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. Although researchers have taken samples of deep ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundations Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDPs drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the oceans surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor. The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15 year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challengers core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challengers voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth. The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the worlds past climates. Deep ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change information that may be used to predict future climates. 1. The author refers to the ocean bottom as a frontier in line 1 because it (A) is not a popular area for scientific research (B) contains a wide variety of life forms (C) attracts courageous explorers (D) is an unknown territory 2. The word inaccessible in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) unrecognizable (B) unreachable (C) unusable (D) unsafe TOEFL95-05 阅读真题 2 3. The author mentions “outer space” in line 5 because (A) the Earths climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space (B) it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment (C) rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor (D) techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in ocean exploration 4. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger? (A) It is a type of submarine. (B) It is an ongoing project. (C) It has gone on over 100 voyages. (D) It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968. 5. The word extracting in line 10 is closest in meaning to (A) breaking (B) locating (C) removing (D) analyzing 6. The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was (A) an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas (B) the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom (C) composed of geologists from all over the world (D) funded entirely by the gas and oil industry 7. The word strength in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) basis (B) purpose (C) discovery (D) endurance 8. The word they in line 21 refers to (A) years (B) climates (C) sediments (D) cores 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project? (A) Geologists were able to determine the Earths appearance hundreds of millions of years ago. (B) Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists. (C) Information was revealed about the Earths past climatic changes. (D) Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen. TOEFL95-05 阅读真题 3 Questions 10-21 Basic to any understanding of Canada in 20 years after the Second World War is the countrys impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1996. In September 1966 Canadas population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The